15. Special Senses

Causes and consequences of cataracts and glaucoma

Eye - Vision

Animation: Cataract

Vision

Development of Glaucoma Animation, Open Angle vs Angle Closure Glaucoma

Neuroscience: Phototransduction

Visual Processing and the Visual Cortex

How Do We See?

 A flat lens bends distant light less, allowing it to focus on the retina. 

 When focusing on a distant object, the lens is __________. 

Vision: Crash Course A&P #18

Eye defects - Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia

Glaucoma: Open-Angle, Closed-Angle, Symptoms, Pharmacology, Pathophysiology

 air, cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, retina 

 Light travels from the air through the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor; finally, it is focused onto the retina. 

 air, lens, cornea, vitreous humor, aqueous humor, retina 

 air, aqueous humor, lens, cornea, vitreous humor, retina 

 air, cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina 

 Which of the following shows the correct order of light transmission from the air to the retina? 

 The cornea is continuous with the dura mater of the brain.  

 The cornea is a regenerative avascular tissue. It is also highly innervated, making it a sensitive area of the eye. The cornea is NOT continuous with the dura mater of the brain, but the sclera is.  

 The cornea is not well supplied with nerve endings.  

 Choose the true statement about the cornea.  

 The sclera is a part of the fibrous layer of the eye. The vascular layer of the eye is composed of the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.  

 The __________ is NOT a part of the vascular layer of the eye.  

Vision - Photoreceptor Signaling & Photobleaching

 both the inner surface of the eyelids and the visible portion of the sclera 

 With the exception of the cornea, the conjunctival membrane covers the visible portion of the sclera and the palpebral conjunctiva. 

 The conjunctival mucous membrane covers __________. 

 The vast majority of refractive problems in the eye are related to the length of the eyeball. 

 The vast majority of refractive problems in the eye are related to the __________. 

 The cornea of the eye is part of the eyeball and is not an accessory structure. 

 The accessory structures of the eye do NOT include the __________. 

Eye Disorders Review

Eyeball Anatomy

Anatomy - The Visual Pathway to the Brain

Internal structures of the eye

 The radial muscles (also called the dilator pupillae) contract to dilate the pupils in dim light. In response to bright light, the pupils constrict; this is a result of a contraction of the sphincter pupillae (also called the circular muscles).  The medial rectus and inferior oblique are extrinsic muscles that move the eye. 

 The __________ dilate the pupils of the eyes.  

 cornea, lens, posterior segment, anterior segment, pupil 

 The anterior segment and the pupil are in front of the lens, and the posterior segment is behind the lens. 

 cornea, pupil, posterior segment, lens, anterior segment 

 cornea, lens, anterior segment, posterior segment, lens 

 cornea, pupil, anterior segment, posterior segment, lens 

 cornea, anterior segment, pupil, lens, posterior segment 

 Which sequence follows the correct passage of light entering the cornea? 

The eye, structure and parts

 Because the optic disc is where numerous axons leave the eye to form the optic nerve, there is no room for photoreceptors, which causes a blind spot. 

 The optic disc on the retina is __________. 

 Surrounding the cavity of the eyeball, the wall of the eyeball is formed by the sensory tunic, followed by the vascular tunic and then the fibrous tunic. 

 Arrange the tunics of the wall of the eyeball in their correct sequence from deep to superficial. 

Accomodation

Cow eye video posterior segment

Eye Accommodation Made Easy

Career Connection Video

How the Eye Works Animation

Neuroscience: The Retina

Retina, Photoreceptors, Bipolar Cells, & Ganglion Cells

Vision - Retina, Photoreceptors, Bipolar Cells, & Ganglion Cells

Cow eye video anterior segment

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Anatomy & Physiology 1&2 with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors



Anatomy & Physiology

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National Eye Institute, NIH

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1. Introduction to A&P

2. Chemistry

3. Cells

4. Tissues

5. Integumentary System

6. Bones + Skeletal Tissues

7. Skeletal System

8. Joints

9. Muscles and Muscle Tissue

10. Muscular System

11. Nervous Tissue

12. Central Nervous System

13. Peripheral Nervous System

14. Autonomic Nervous System

16. Endocrine System

17. Blood

18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

20. Lymphatic System

21. Immune System

22. Respiratory System

23. Digestive System

24. Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy Balance

25. Urinary System

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

27. Reproductive System

28. Pregnancy and Human Development

29. Heredity

undefined - Channels

Balance organs of the semicircular canals

Ear - Equilibrium

Taste

Structure and function of accessory eye structures

Pathway of light through the eye to the retina

Causes and consequences of astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, and presbyopia

The events that convert light into a neural signal

Roles of rods and cones in vision

Compare and contrast light and dark adaptation

Structure and general function of the ears

The sound conduction pathway to the fluids of the internal ear

Describe sound transduction

Impulses traveling from the cochlea to the auditory cortex

Differentiate pitch and loudness

Ear -  Hearing

ANS Disorders

Causes and symptoms of otitis media

Ear - Abnormalities

Smell

Levels of ANS Control

General Chemistry

Jules

Study the key concepts of Physics with descriptive videos, questions, and more

Physics

Patrick

General Biology

Jason

Financial Accounting

Brian

Dive deep into Psychology with videos, practice problems, and more.

Psychology

Microeconomics

The first in a two-course sequence introduces the basic structure and functions of the human body

College Algebra covers algebraic topics and skills necessary to succeed in college-level math

College Algebra

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

Genetics

Kylia

GOB Chemistry

Microbiology

Cell Biology

Analytical Chemistry

Study topics incliding trogonometric functions, identities and equations, solutions of triangles, complex numbers, and other topics as time permits

Trigonometry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Precalculus with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Precalculus

Biochemistry

Macroeconomics

Chemistry

Biology

Math

Business

Social Sciences

Michelle Barry Franco

Building Great Presentations

Eric Zackrison, PhD

Critical Thinking And Problem Solving

Sam Bennett

Embracing Times Of Uncertainty

Nicole Tetreault, PhD

Emotional Intelligence Basics

Eugene Choi, PharmD

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Jason Richardson, PsyD

Habits To Win Every Day

Alyssa Lowery, PhD

Having Powerful Advanced Conversations

Don Gilman, EdD

How To Influence & Persuade

Amy Matthews

Leadership Skills For Rising Stars

Listening To Lead

Michael Shermer, PhD

Making Decisions Under Uncertainty

Lynne Hurdle

Mistakes To Avoid When Resolving Conflict

Michael Veltri

Overcoming Decision Making Traps

Mike Vardy

Prioritizing Effectively

Secrets Of Effective Prioritization

Strategies To Build Up Your Creativity

Tools For Decision Making

Tutti Taygerly

Unleash And Advance Your Creativity

Winning Collaboration: How To Work More Effectively With Different Personalities