22. Respiratory System

Gross structure of the lungs and pleurae

Lower Respiratory System

ANATOMY OF THE LUNGS

 Many people mistakenly equate alveoli, the site of gas exchange, with alveolar sacs, but they are two different structures. The alveolar sac is analogous to a bunch of grapes, and the alveoli are the individual grapes. 

 The __________ are the main site of gas exchange within the lungs. 

IP: Anatomy Review Animation Respiratory

 It allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food is swallowed. 

 It decreases its diameter during expiration to expel air with greater force. 

 It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing. 

 Which of the following is NOT a function of the trachealis muscle? 

Anatomy & Physiology - Respiratory membrane

 The cilia of pseudostratified columnar epithelium move mucus to the pharynx. 

 The walls of the conducting zone are too thick to allow gas exchange. 

 Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract? 

The Respiratory System

Lower Respiratory Tract, Part 1

 The air passageways in the lungs branch and then branch again, totaling about 23 times overall. This branching pattern of airways is often called the bronchial, or respiratory, tree. 

 The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs. 

 The lungs consist largely of air spaces. The balance of lung tissue, or its stroma, is mostly elastic connective tissue. 

 The __________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs. 

The Lower Respiratory Tract

 The epiglottis shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing. This prevents aspiration of food and drink. 

 The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the __________. 

The Lower Respiratory Tract [Anatomy of Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Lungs]

 Henry's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture. 

Respiratory System - How The Respiratory System Works

Respiratory System, part 1: Crash Course A&P #31

 The larynx enlarges in males during puberty. 

 The glottis is wide when deep tones are produced. 

 The more tense the vocal cords, the higher the pitch. 

 Loudness of voice depends on the size of the vocal cords. 

 Which of the following statements about voice production is INCORRECT? 

Pleura (anatomy)

Anatomy Review Animation Respiratory

Lower Respiratory tract, Part 2

 The two lungs differ slightly in shape and size because the apex of the heart is slightly to the left of the median plane. 

 The two lungs differ in shape and size. 

Lung Anatomy

 The flexible, spoon-shaped epiglottis is composed of elastic cartilage and is almost entirely covered by a taste bud–containing mucosa. During swallowing, the larynx is pulled superiorly and the epiglottis tips to cover the laryngeal inlet. Because this action keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages, the epiglottis has been called the guardian of the airways. 

 The __________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages. 

 A detergent-like complex of lipids and proteins, surfactant decreases the cohesiveness of water. 

 Which substance, produced by type II alveolar cells, decreases alveolar surface tension? 

Overview of the Respiratory System, Animation

Parts of the Respiratory System - Overview

 The bronchioles are air passages under 1 millimeter in diameter. 

 Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter? 

 Yes, this is Henry's law; accordingly, the greater the concentration of a particular gas in the gas phase, the more (and faster) that gas will go into solution in the liquid. 

 Henry's law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure. 

 Functionally, the respiratory system consists of two zones. The respiratory zone, the actual site of gas exchange, is composed of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, all microscopic structures. The conducting zone includes all other respiratory passageways, which provide fairly rigid conduits for air to reach the gas exchange sites. 

 The respiratory zone is composed of the trachea and the paranasal sinuses. 

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