19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance

Blood Flow

Peripheral Resistance and Blood Flow

 The greater the amount of peripheral resistance, the lower the blood flow. The three main sources of peripheral resistance are blood viscosity, total blood vessel length, and vessel diameter. Increasing the viscosity or vessel length will result in increased resistance. Anemia can lead to decreased blood viscosity, decreasing peripheral resistance. Increasing the vessel diameter (vasodilation) would decrease resistance and thus increase blood flow. Decreased vessel diameter (vasoconstriction) would increase resistance, decreasing blood flow. Increased cardiac output would increase blood flow. Atherosclerosis can dramatically increase resistance when fatty plaques obstruct the normally smooth laminar blood flow. 

 Blood flow would be <i>increased</i> by __________.  

 The brain has a relatively constant flow of blood during rest and during exercise. The muscles and the skin experience increased blood flow during exercise. The kidneys and the GI tract (i.e., the stomach and intestines) would have decreased blood flow during exercise. 

 Which of the following would experience increased blood flow during exercise? 

 The pumping action of the heart generates blood flow. 

 Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow? 

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18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

20. Lymphatic System

21. Immune System

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23. Digestive System

24. Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy Balance

25. Urinary System

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

27. Reproductive System

28. Pregnancy and Human Development

29. Heredity

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