15. Special Senses

Describe sound transduction

Ear -  Hearing

Hearing, Ear Anatomy & Auditory Transduction

Anatomy - Ear Overview

 The external ear consists of the auricle (pinna) and the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal). The tympanic membrane (eardrum) is the boundary between the external and middle ears. The tympanic cavity and the ossicles are found in the middle ear. The semicircular canals are in the internal ear.  

 Which of the following is/are a part of the <i>external</i> ear? 

How Do We Hear?

Mechanism of Hearing, Animation

 Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands found in the outer ear. 

 Sebaceous glands are found in the outer ear. 

 Which of the following would NOT be found in the outer ear? 

Hearing - The Pathway of Sound up to the Oval Window

Hearing - Functions of Cochlea & Organ of Corti

 The stapedius and the tensor tympani muscles minimize the excessive vibration of the ossicles caused by loud noise. 

 connect the ossicles to the oval window 

 increase the vibration of the ossicles of the ear 

 protect the hearing receptors from loud sounds 

 increase the vibration of the tympanic membrane 

 The tiny skeletal muscles associated with the ossicles of the middle ear function to __________. 

 The receptor organs for hearing are housed in the cochlear duct. 

 The organ of Corti is found in the __________. 

 Dopamine is not involved with hearing in the inner ear. 

 Acetylcholine is not involved with hearing in the inner ear. 

 Norepinephrine is not involved with hearing in the inner ear. 

 Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved with hearing in the inner ear? 

Neuroscience: The Cochlea

Ascending Auditory Pathway

 Sound waves are propagated through the air. They then hit the tympanic membrane and cause it to vibrate. These vibrations are transmitted by the ossicles to fluids in the inner ear. The motion of the vibrating fluid then stimulates receptor cells in the spiral organ (<i>organ of Corti</i>). This sound-sensing organ then transmits signals to the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. 

 Place the following events in the order in which they occur during sound transmission.<ol type="1">	<li>Tympanic membrane vibrates.</li>	<li>Internal ear fluids are set in motion.</li>	<li>Hearing receptors are stimulated.</li>	<li>Ossicles of the ear vibrate.</li>	<li>Auditory cortex is stimulated.</li></ol> 

Hearing & Balance

Journey of Sound to the Brain

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