18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Stroke volume and heart rate

Heart Physiology: Heart Regulation

Cardiovascular System Physiology - Cardiac Output (stroke volume, heart rate, preload and afterload)

Regulation of Cardiac Ouput

 Sympathetic stimulation (for example, exercise) can lead to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate. A sharp decrease in blood volume also leads to an increase in heart rate. Low metabolic rate, cold temperatures, and parasympathetic stimulation decrease heart rate. 

 Which of the following would lead to a <i>decrease</i> in heart rate? 

 the amount of blood pumped out of the heart during every ventricular contraction 

 cardiac output = heart rate &times; stroke volume 

 the number of times the heart beats in one minute 

 the amount of blood filling each ventricle at the end of diastole 

 the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute 

 the number of impulses fired by the SA node in one minute 

Preload and Afterload, Cardiac Output Explained

Cardiac Output

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