11. Nervous Tissue

Neuroglia

Nervous System Cells

Neuroscience Basics: Neuroglia Functions

 The importance of myelin nerve transmission is painfully clear to people with demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). 

 Which of the following diseases is directly related to demyelination?  

Glial Cells

 Axon collaterals do not arise from the neuron hillock. 

 Axon collaterals do not arise from dendrites. 

 Axon collaterals do not arise at the terminal of the axon. 

 From where can collaterals emerge on a myelinated nerve? 

The Neuron

 Ependymal cells line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord, where they form a fairly permeable barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid that fills those cavities and the tissue fluid bathing the cells of the CNS. The beating of their cilia helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord. 

 Which of the following types of glial cells line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord, where they help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid? 

 Nerve fibers, particularly those that are long or large in diameter, are covered with a whitish, fatty (protein-lipoid), and segmented myelin sheath. Myelin protects and electrically insulates fibers, and it increases the speed of transmission of nerve impulses. 

 to recapture and recycle released neurotransmitters 

 to increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses 

 Which of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath? 

 Astrocytes are the most abundant and most versatile glial cells. Their numerous radiating processes cling to neurons and their synaptic endings and cover nearby capillaries, supporting and bracing the neurons and anchoring them to their nutrient supply lines, the blood capillaries. Astrocytes have a role in making exchanges between capillaries and neurons, in helping to determine capillary permeability, in guiding the migration of young neurons, and in forming synapses. 

 Which of the following types of glial cells are the most abundant and versatile, and aid in making exchanges between capillaries and neurons? 

 formation by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system 

 Conduction of impulses is very slow in unmyelinated fibers. 

 formation by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system 

 Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with a myelinated nerve fiber? 

Neuroscience: Myelin

 Over 99% of neurons in humans are multipolar. 

 Multipolar and bipolar neurons are present in equal proportions. 

 Neurons can be classified structurally by the number of processes extending from their cell bodies. Which of the following is the most common neuron type in humans? 

Glial Cells - Neuroanatomy Basics - Anatomy Tutorial

 Bipolar neurons are generally associated with the special senses. 

 Which of the following is a rare type of sensory neuron that is found in special sensory structures such as the retina of the eye? 

 In a neuron, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is very chromatophilic and stains darkly with a basic dye. It can be referred to as <i>Nissl bodies</i>. 

 The Nissl bodies in the neuron cell body are otherwise known as which cellular organelle(s)? 

Neuron Classifications: The Nervous System

 Neurons are grouped structurally according to the number of processes extending from their cell body. Three major neuron groups make up this classification: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. 

 Which of the following is NOT a structural classification of neurons? 

The Nervous System

 Armlike processes extend from the cell body of all neurons. There are two types of neuron processes: dendrites and axons. 

 Dendrites and axons are both armlike processes that extend from neuron cell bodies.  

 whether the neurons are found within the CNS or the PNS 

 Neurons are grouped structurally according to the number of processes extending from their cell body. 

 whether the nerve fibers are myelinated or not 

 the direction the nerve impulse travels relative to the central nervous system 

 the number of processes extending from their cell body 

 Which criterion is used to structurally classify neurons? 

 Astrocytes are most responsible for helping determine capillary permeability in nervous tissue. 

 Which of the following neuroglia are most responsible for helping determine capillary permeability in the central nervous tissue? 

 Dendrites are the main receptive or input regions found in neurons. 

 Which of the following are the main receptive or input regions found in neurons? 

 Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. 

 Besides their ability to conduct nerve impulses, neurons are typically large, complex cells that have some other special characteristics:<ol type="1">	<li>They have extreme longevity. Given good nutrition, neurons can function optimally for a lifetime (over 100 years).</li>	<li>They are amitotic. As neurons assume their roles as communicating links of the nervous system, they lose their ability to divide. We pay a high price for this neuron feature because neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. There are exceptions to this rule (olfactory epithelium and some hippocampal regions contain stem cells that can produce new neurons throughout life).</li>	<li>They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate and require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen and glucose. Neurons cannot survive for more than a few minutes without oxygen.</li></ol> 

 Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it. 

 In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. 

 Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. 

 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? 

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1. Introduction to A&P

2. Chemistry

3. Cells

4. Tissues

5. Integumentary System

6. Bones + Skeletal Tissues

7. Skeletal System

8. Joints

9. Muscles and Muscle Tissue

10. Muscular System

12. Central Nervous System

13. Peripheral Nervous System

14. Autonomic Nervous System

15. Special Senses

16. Endocrine System

17. Blood

18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

20. Lymphatic System

21. Immune System

22. Respiratory System

23. Digestive System