29. Heredity

RNA-only genes and epigenetic marks

Factors Affecting Gene Expression

Epigenetics 

MyReadinessTest Video: Genotype and Phenotype

 the number of dominant genes present on each X chromosome 

 In females, epigenetic markers inactivate one of the X chromosomes. 

 In females, one of the X chromosomes is inactivated by __________. 

Gene Silencing by microRNAs

Gene Expression and Environmental Factors

Epigenetics

 Our genome is a biochemical system of awesome complexity, with three levels of controls. Protein-coding genes make up only the first level and account for less than 2% of the DNA of a human cell. The second layer appears to be the product of the abundant "RNA-only genes," formerly believed to be "junk," that are found in the non-protein-coding DNA. Small RNAs control timing of programmed cell death during development and can also prevent translation of another gene. Epigenetic marks form the third layer of gene controls. Epigenetic marks, or the lack of them, may predispose a cell for transformation from normal to cancerous, and even slight deviations in the epigenetic marks on specific chromosomes can result in devastating human illness. 

 Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic levels of gene control? 

Gene environment interaction 

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