3. Cells

Protein Synthesis, Gene and Genetic Code

Nucleus

From DNA to Protein

 Antisense RNA can bind to the protein-coding mRNA and prevent it from being translated. 

 The tRNA selects and transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. 

 MicroRNA consists of small RNAs that interfere and silence certain exons. 

 Which of the following types of RNA contains regions that act as a switch to turn protein synthesis on and off for the protein they code for? 

 The mRNA start codon, AUG, matches up with a tRNA anticodon, __________. 

DNA replication

 During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make mRNA. The mRNA made during transcription is then read by the ribosome in a process called translation; tRNA also has a role in the translation step of protein synthesis. 

Cells - Components of the Nucleus

Protein Synthesis

Phases of Mitosis

 a segment of a protein that directs the production of RNA 

 A gene is a segment of DNA that carries instructions for the production of a polypeptide chain. 

 a segment of DNA that carries instructions for the production of a lipid 

 a segment of DNA that carries instructions for the production of one polypeptide chain 

 a segment of a chromosome that allows for DNA replication 

Transcription and Translation

 prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase 

 The process of mitosis is composed of four continuous stages known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. 

 metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase 

 prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase 

 telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase 

 anaphase, prophase, telophase, metaphase 

 Which of the following is the correct sequence for the stages of mitosis? 

Identifying Stages of Mitosis

DNA Structure and Replication

DNA Replication

 The cell is rapidly growing during G<sub>1</sub> of interphase. During the S phase of interphase, the cell continues to grow and DNA is replicated. In G<sub>2</sub> of interphase, the cell is making final preparations to divide. In the mitotic phase (M phase) of the cell cycle, the cell divides to produce two daughter cells. 

 DNA is replicated during the __________ phase of the cell cycle. 

 In interphase, the chromosomes replicate, and the cell prepares for mitosis. 

 In anaphase, sister chromosomes separate and migrate toward the poles of the cell. 

 In prophase, the chromosomes condense, and spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore. 

 In telophase, the chromosomes decondense, and the nucleoli reform. 

 In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align along the cell equator? 

Cell Cycle

Nucleic Acid Functions

Chromosomes and Genes

 DNA is copied into mRNA in transcription within the nucleus in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide. 

 Which nucleic acid molecules are involved in transcription but not translation in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide? 

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1. Introduction to A&P

2. Chemistry

4. Tissues

5. Integumentary System

6. Bones + Skeletal Tissues

7. Skeletal System

8. Joints

9. Muscles and Muscle Tissue

10. Muscular System

11. Nervous Tissue

12. Central Nervous System

13. Peripheral Nervous System

14. Autonomic Nervous System

15. Special Senses

16. Endocrine System

17. Blood

18. Cardiovascular System: the Heart

19. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

20. Lymphatic System

21. Immune System

22. Respiratory System

23. Digestive System

24. Nutrition, Metabolism, Energy Balance

25. Urinary System

26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance

27. Reproductive System

28. Pregnancy and Human Development

29. Heredity

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Cell Transport

Membrane Receptors

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Cell Extensions, Microvilli versus Cilia

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 DNA Replication

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