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Membrane Structure 2 definitions

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  • Membrane Protein
    Major membrane component classified into six types, serving roles such as receptors, channels, gates, pumps, and enzymes.
  • Receptor
    Membrane-associated structure involved in signaling pathways, enabling cells to respond to external stimuli.
  • Channel
    Membrane protein facilitating the passage of molecules across the lipid bilayer, often selective for specific substances.
  • Pump
    Membrane protein actively transporting molecules against concentration gradients, often requiring energy input.
  • Enzyme
    Membrane protein catalyzing reactions such as lipid biosynthesis or ATP synthesis within or near the membrane.
  • Alpha Helix
    Protein secondary structure with alternating polar and non-polar sides, influencing membrane interaction.
  • Phospholipid
    Membrane molecule associating with both interior and exterior protein surfaces, enabling hydrophobic interactions.
  • Hydropathy Index
    Numerical scale indicating hydrophobic or hydrophilic regions in proteins, with positive values for internal segments.
  • Hydrophobic Region
    Protein segment with positive hydropathy values, typically located within the membrane's internal environment.
  • Hydrophilic Region
    Protein segment with negative hydropathy values, usually exposed to the aqueous environment outside the membrane.
  • Tryptophan
    Amino acid commonly found at the edge of membranes in transmembrane proteins, sharing properties with tyrosine.
  • Tyrosine
    Amino acid frequently located at membrane boundaries in transmembrane proteins, often paired with tryptophan.
  • Peripheral Protein
    Membrane protein attached to a fatty acid embedded in the membrane, not spanning the lipid bilayer.
  • Fatty Acid
    Hydrophobic molecule embedded in the membrane, serving as an anchor for peripheral proteins.
  • Polarity
    Characteristic of amino acids determining their location in membrane proteins, with polar residues external and non-polar internal.