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Practice: Oxidative Phosphorylation 2 definitions

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  • Electron Transport
    Process in mitochondria moving electrons through membrane complexes, releasing protons into the intermembrane space.
  • Protonmotive Force
    Energy generated by proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, driving ATP synthesis.
  • ATP Synthase
    Enzyme complex utilizing protonmotive force to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP via conformational changes.
  • Intermembrane Space
    Region between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes where protons accumulate during electron transport.
  • Mitochondrial DNA
    Genetic material found in mitochondria, inherited exclusively from the mother, encoding a subset of mitochondrial proteins.
  • Nuclear Genes
    Genetic material in the cell nucleus responsible for encoding most mitochondrial proteins.
  • Ribosomes
    Cellular structures in mitochondria responsible for protein synthesis, produced by mitochondrial genome.
  • Transfer RNA
    Molecules in mitochondria facilitating translation of genetic code into proteins, synthesized by mitochondrial genome.
  • Uncouplers
    Agents such as DNP and FCCP that disrupt the proton gradient, inhibiting ATP production while allowing electron transport.
  • DNP
    Chemical uncoupler dissipating the proton gradient in mitochondria, reducing ATP synthesis and lowering P/O ratio.
  • FCCP
    Ionophore uncoupler transporting protons across mitochondrial membrane, inhibiting ATP production.
  • Phosphate-to-Oxygen Ratio
    Measurement indicating the efficiency of ATP production relative to oxygen consumption in mitochondria.
  • Chemiosmotic Theory
    Concept describing the coupling of electron transport, proton gradient, and ATP synthesis in cellular energy metabolism.
  • Mutation
    Alteration in mitochondrial genes, potentially affecting protein synthesis and mitochondrial function.