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Practice: Oxidative Phosphorylation 3 quiz

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  • What reactive oxygen species are generated in mitochondrial electron transport?
    Superoxide radicals (O2-) are generated during mitochondrial electron transport.
  • Which enzyme converts superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondria?
    Superoxide dismutase converts superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide.
  • What enzyme converts hydrogen peroxide to water in the mitochondria?
    Glutathione peroxidase converts hydrogen peroxide to water.
  • What molecule does glutathione peroxidase use to convert hydrogen peroxide to water?
    Glutathione peroxidase uses glutathione to convert hydrogen peroxide to water.
  • How is glutathione regenerated after being oxidized by glutathione peroxidase?
    Glutathione is regenerated by reduction using NADPH.
  • What is the overall standard redox potential of electron transport in mitochondria?
    The overall standard redox potential is approximately 1.14 volts.
  • Which molecule is the starting point for electron transport in mitochondria?
    NADH is the starting point for electron transport.
  • How do you calculate the overall redox potential for electron transport?
    Add the oxidation potential of NADH and the reduction potential of oxygen.
  • What equation is used to calculate the Gibbs free energy change for electron transfer?
    The equation is ΔG = −nFΔE.
  • What does 'n' represent in the equation ΔG = −nFΔE?
    'n' represents the number of moles of electrons transferred.
  • What is Faraday’s constant and its value in the context of electron transfer?
    Faraday’s constant is 96,500 joules per volt per mole.
  • Between which cytochromes is the electron transfer in complex IV calculated?
    The electron transfer is calculated between cytochrome a1 and a3.
  • What is the reduction potential difference used for calculating ΔG between cytochrome a1 and a3?
    The difference is 0.35 volts minus 0.29 volts.
  • What is the Gibbs free energy change for electron transfer between cytochrome a1 and a3?
    The Gibbs free energy change is −5,790 joules per mole or −5.79 kJ/mol.
  • Why is the energy released during electron transport important for ATP synthesis?
    The energy released drives ATP synthesis via the chemiosmotic theory.