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SDS-PAGE definitions

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  • SDS
    A nonpolar, negatively charged detergent that denatures proteins and imparts a uniform negative charge proportional to mass.
  • Polyacrylamide
    An organic compound forming the gel matrix, enabling effective protein separation based on mass.
  • Gel Matrix
    A porous structure composed of polyacrylamide, facilitating protein migration during electrophoresis.
  • Electrophoresis
    A technique generating an electric field to drive charged molecules through a gel for separation.
  • Protein Ladder
    A set of reference proteins with known molecular sizes used to estimate unknown protein masses.
  • Molecular Weight
    A quantitative measure of protein mass, determining migration speed in SDS PAGE.
  • Relative Migration
    The distance a protein travels through the gel, correlating linearly with log molecular weight.
  • Denaturation
    A process where proteins lose their native shape and charge, resulting in uniform unfolded structures.
  • Quaternary Structure
    A protein configuration involving multiple polypeptide chains, which can be disrupted by SDS.
  • Disulfide Bond
    A covalent linkage between polypeptide chains, resistant to cleavage by SDS treatment.
  • Amino Acid Residue
    A single unit within a protein to which SDS binds, imparting negative charge proportional to protein mass.
  • Hydrophobic Interaction
    Forces stabilizing protein cores, disrupted by the nonpolar region of SDS during denaturation.
  • Affinity Chromatography
    A purification method yielding highly purified proteins, visualized as single bands on SDS PAGE.
  • Ion Exchange Chromatography
    A technique separating proteins based on charge, with effectiveness assessed by SDS PAGE.
  • Salting Out
    A purification process using salt to precipitate proteins by solubility, visualized for effectiveness on SDS PAGE.