4. Biomolecules

Functional Groups

True or false? Gene flow can either increase or decrease the average fitness of a population. Explain.

What are Functional Groups? | Biology | Biochemistry

 No. This answer is partially correct. This is the carboxyl functional group. It is present in all amino acids. But there is a better answer. 

 No. This is a carbonyl functional group. It is present in some but not all amino acids. 

 No. This is a hydroxyl functional group. It is present in some but not all amino acids. 

both &mdash;COOH and &mdash;NH2

Consider the functional group or groups present in all amino acids.

Which of these is found in all amino acids?

What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?<img src="https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/images/2acb692b" class="fr-fic fr-dii">a) Carbonyl.b) Ketone.c) Carboxyl.d) Methyl.e) Phosphate.

 No. This is a sulfhydryl group. This group is not present in all amino acids. 

 No. This is a carbonyl group. This group is not present in all amino acids. 

 No. This is a hydroxyl group. This group is not present in all amino acids. 

Consider the element that is diagnostic of amino groups.

Which of the following functional groups is present in all amino acids?

 No. Alcohols are soluble in water, but so are many other molecules that are not alcohols. 

 No. These molecules possess a functional group that increases their polarity, and thus solubility, in water. 

 No. None of these simple alcohols contain the carbonyl functional group. The presence of a carbonyl group would result in an aldehyde or ketone. 

 share the same functional group: a hydroxyl 

Consider the functional group that defines alcohols.

Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they __________.

MAKE CONNECTIONS Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?
a. hydroxyl
b. carbonyl
c. amino
d. phosphate

 No. Amino groups are polar, but there is a better answer. 

 No. Hydroxyl groups are polar, but there is a better answer. 

 No. Carboxyl groups are polar, but there is a better answer. 

 All of the listed responses are correct. 

Recall that hydrogen bonds form between polar molecules.

Which of the following groups is capable of hydrogen bonding with an oxygen atom on another functional group?

No. The molecule R&mdash;NH2 contains the amino functional group (&mdash;NH2).

 No. The molecule R&mdash;COH contains the carbonyl functional group (&mdash;COH). 

R&mdash;OPO3&ndash;2

No. The molecule R&mdash;OPO3&ndash;2 contains the phosphate functional group (&mdash;OPO3&ndash;2).

Review the structures of functional groups.

Which of the following molecules has a carboxyl functional group?

Functional Groups Example 1

 Its compounds may be structural isomers with different properties. 

 No. This is a property of the carbonyl group. 

 Two carboxyl groups can bond covalently to help stabilize protein structure. 

 No. This is a property of the sulfhydryl group. 

 It is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward it. 

 No. This is true, but it is not the best answer. 

 The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar that hydrogen ions tend to dissociate from oxygen reversibly. 

Review the structures of functional groups and think about relative electronegativity.

Which of the following examples best describes a unique functional property of the carboxyl group?

 No. Consider which group is associated with the molecule ATP. 

Review the functional groups. Think about a molecule that can release energy to be used in the cell.

Which of the following functional groups is associated with a release of energy when removed from the carbon skeleton with water?

Structure of Functional Groups - Part 1 | Don't Memorise

Biomolecules and Functional Groups

More Organic Nomenclature: Heteroatom Functional Groups: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #3

 No. This is true, but there is a better answer. 

Which of the functional groups is hydrophilic?

Which of the following functional groups increases the solubility of organic compounds in water?

 No. This is the sulfhydryl functional group. The presence of this group in a molecule would make the molecule a thiol, but this is only a functional group and not a molecule. 

 No. This is the carbonyl functional group. 

 No. This is the hydroxyl functional group. 

 None of the listed responses is correct. 

Consider the functional group that is diagnostic of a thiol.

Which of these is a thiol?

Introduction to Functional Groups | Don't Memorise

Animation: Functional Groups

 No. The hydroxyl functional group does not donate protons. 

 No. The carbonyl functional group does not donate protons. 

 No. The amino functional group is a proton acceptor, not a proton donator. 

Consider which of these groups is a proton donor.

Which functional group would you predict is part of abscisic acid?

Human activities are causing the fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. One result is that toucans have become extinct or nearly extinct in some of the forest fragments. Does the absence of toucans affect the forest?

Toucans disperse seeds of key forest species such as juçara palms by eating the fruit and defecating the seeds in new locations, sometimes more than a kilometer away. If there are no toucans, is the genetic diversity of palms likely to increase or decrease within forest fragments? Why?
a. increase (due to increased genetic drift)

b. decrease (due to decreased gene flow)

c. decrease (due to decreased mutation rate)

d. decrease (due to decreased natural selection)

All of the following are examples of functional groups in biology except:a) -CH3.b) -COOH.c) -H2O.d) -NH2.e) -OH.

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?
a. the replacement of the —OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen
b. the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl
c. the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate
d. the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen

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