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DNA Sequencing definitions

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  • DNA Sequencing
    Process for determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule, revealing genetic information.
  • Nucleotide
    Basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G).
  • Dideoxynucleotide
    Modified nucleotide lacking a 3' hydroxyl group, causing termination of DNA strand elongation during replication.
  • Sanger Sequencing
    Historical method using dideoxynucleotides and dye labeling to generate DNA fragments for sequence determination.
  • PCR Amplification
    Technique to create multiple copies of a DNA segment, enabling analysis and sequencing of genetic material.
  • 3' Hydroxyl Group
    Chemical group on DNA's sugar backbone essential for adding new nucleotides during DNA synthesis.
  • DNA Fragment
    Piece of DNA generated during sequencing, varying in length depending on where replication was terminated.
  • Gel Electrophoresis
    Laboratory method for separating DNA fragments by size, allowing visualization and analysis of sequencing results.
  • Fluorescent Dye
    Molecule attached to dideoxynucleotides, emitting color signals to identify specific nucleotides in sequencing.
  • Genome
    Complete set of genetic material in an organism, composed of all its DNA sequences.
  • Replication
    Process of synthesizing a new DNA strand using an existing strand as a template.
  • Base Pair
    Pairing of nitrogenous bases (A-T, C-G) that forms the rungs of the DNA double helix.
  • Template Strand
    Original DNA strand used as a guide for synthesizing a complementary sequence during replication or sequencing.
  • Dye Terminator
    Dideoxynucleotide labeled with a specific color, marking the end of a DNA fragment in sequencing.
  • Sequence Readout
    Resulting data from sequencing, showing the order of nucleotides as interpreted from fragment sizes and colors.