12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

The Molecular Orbital Theory.

One of the molecular orbitals of the H2- ion is sketched below:
<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/4f2145ace2151bbf-1661338969072.jpg" alt="" />
(a) Is the molecular orbital a s or p MO? Is it bonding or
antibonding?

Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory

At high temperatures, sulfur vapor is predominantly in the 
form of S21g2 molecules. 
(a) Assuming that the molecular orbitals for third-row diatomic 
molecules are analogous to those for second-row molecules, 
construct an MO diagram for the valence orbitals of S21g2.

Look at the MO diagrams of corresponding neutral diatomic 
species in Figure 8.22, and predict whether each of the following 
ions is diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Diagrams for 
Li2 and C2 are similar to N2; Cl2 is similar to F2. 
(c) F2-

MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules Concept 1

Examples of s-p Mixing in Molecular Orbital Theory

(σ2s)2(σ*2s)2(π2p)4(σ2p)2

(σ2s)2(σ*2s)2(π2p)2(σ2p)2(π*2p)2

(σ3s)2(σ*3s)2(π3p)4(σ3p)2

(σ3s)2(σ*3s)2(π3p)2(σ3p)2(π*3p)2

Using a MO diagram, write the electron configuration for the P2 molecule<img class="fr-dib"src="https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/images/5db66095"style="width:300px;">

Many compounds of the transition-metal elements contain
direct bonds between metal atoms. We will assume
that the z-axis is defined as the metal–metal bond axis.
(d) Sketch the energylevel
diagram for the Sc2 molecule, assuming that only the
3d orbital from part (a) is important.

Molecular Orbital Diagrams of Homonuclear Diatomics

(c) With what neutral homonuclear diatomic
molecules are the NO+ and NO- ions isoelectronic
(same number of electrons)?

With what neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule is the NO- ion isoelectronic (same number of electrons)?

CHEMISTRY 101: Molecular Orbital Theory, Bond order, bond strength, magnetic properties

How would we describe a substance that contains only paired 
electrons and is weakly repelled by a magnetic field? Which 
of the following ions would you expect to possess similar 
characteristics: H2-, Ne2+, F2, O22 +?

Determine the number of electrons found in the π2p orbitals for the dioxygen dication, O22+.&nbsp;<img class="fr-dib"src="https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/images/8fc3c79c"style="width:300px;">

Consider the molecular orbitals of the P2 molecule. Assume
that the MOs of diatomics from the third row of the periodic
table are analogous to those from the second row. (a) Which
valence atomic orbitals of P are used to construct the MOs of
P2?

Understanding Molecular Orbital Theory

Consider the molecular orbitals of the P2 molecule. Assume
that the MOs of diatomics from the third row of the periodic
table are analogous to those from the second row. (c) For the P2 molecule,
how many electrons occupy the MO in the figure? 
<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/0274d1bc0c00fed2-1661276744251.jpg" alt="" />

Consider the H2+ ion. (a) Sketch the molecular orbitals of 
the ion and draw its energy-level diagram.

Molecular Orbital Theory - Bonding & Antibonding MO - Bond Order

Molecular Orbital (MO) Diagram for O2(2-)

MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules Example 1

Consider the H2+ ion. (b) How many electrons are there in the H2+ ion?

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Chemistry with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Jules

General Chemistry

https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/general-chemistry

#FFFFFF

The Organic Chemistry Tutor

Ali Hayek

chemistNATE

00π productions

Jules Bruno

Matthew Gerner

Professor Dave Explains

Clutch Prep

1. Intro to General Chemistry

2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

8. Thermochemistry

9. Quantum Mechanics

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

14. Solutions

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules are composed of 2 identical elements bonded together.

Equatorial and Axial Positions

Covalent compounds with 5 or 6&nbsp;electron groups have equatorial and axial positions for surrounding elements

MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules are composed of 2 different elements bonded together.

Bond Angles

Bond Angles&nbsp;result from surrounding elements and lone pairs around the central element positioning themselves at an optimal distance.&nbsp;

Molecular Orbital Theory

Molecular Orbital Theory&nbsp;allows us to predict the distribution of electrons within a molecule.&nbsp;

MO Theory: Bond Order

Molecular Orbital Diagrams can be used to determine the bond order of a molecule.

Electron Geometry

The simplest system for geometrical shapes that focuses on the number of electron groups around the central atom.

Hybridization

How would an&nbsp;s orbital combine with a p orbital to form a covalent bond? The answer is through hybridization where a hybrid&nbsp;oribital is formed.&nbsp;

Molecular Geometry

True Shape of Molecules that takes into account differences&nbsp;in repulsion between lone pairs and surrounding elements.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

Study the key concepts of Physics with descriptive videos, questions, and more

Physics

Patrick

General Biology

Jason

Financial Accounting

Brian

Dive deep into Psychology with videos, practice problems, and more.

Psychology

Microeconomics

The first in a two-course sequence introduces the basic structure and functions of the human body

Anatomy & Physiology

College Algebra covers algebraic topics and skills necessary to succeed in college-level math

College Algebra

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

Genetics

Kylia

GOB Chemistry

Microbiology

Cell Biology

Analytical Chemistry

Study topics incliding trogonometric functions, identities and equations, solutions of triangles, complex numbers, and other topics as time permits

Trigonometry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Precalculus with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Precalculus

Biochemistry

Macroeconomics

Chemistry

Biology

Math

Business

Social Sciences

Michelle Barry Franco

Building Great Presentations

Eric Zackrison, PhD

Critical Thinking And Problem Solving

Sam Bennett

Embracing Times Of Uncertainty

Nicole Tetreault, PhD

Emotional Intelligence Basics

Eugene Choi, PharmD

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Jason Richardson, PsyD

Habits To Win Every Day

Alyssa Lowery, PhD

Having Powerful Advanced Conversations

Don Gilman, EdD

How To Influence & Persuade

Amy Matthews

Leadership Skills For Rising Stars

Listening To Lead

Michael Shermer, PhD

Making Decisions Under Uncertainty

Lynne Hurdle

Mistakes To Avoid When Resolving Conflict

Michael Veltri

Overcoming Decision Making Traps

Mike Vardy

Prioritizing Effectively

Secrets Of Effective Prioritization

Strategies To Build Up Your Creativity

Tools For Decision Making

Tutti Taygerly

Unleash And Advance Your Creativity

Winning Collaboration: How To Work More Effectively With Different Personalities

Writing Emails People Want To Read

Critical Thinking

Self Management

Digital Literacy

Collaboration

Communication

Analytical Thinking

Leadership

Flexibility/Adaptability

Innovation

Eric Zackrison

Nicole Tetreault

Dive deep into Python with videos and more.

Introduction to Python

Arianne Dee

Agile Project and Product Management

Agile & Product Management

Mariya Breyther 

Introduction to Microsoft Power BI

Microsoft Power BI

Chris Sorensen

Data Analysis Fundamentals with Excel

Data Analysis - Excel

Chris Sorensen & Ammul Shergill

Getting Started with  and Cryptocurrency

Introduction to Blockchain

George Levy

Learn Enough HTML, CSS and Layout to be Dangerous

HTML, CSS & Layout

Lee Donahoe & Michael Hartl

Learn Enough JavaScript to be Dangerous: A Tutorial Introduction to Programming with JavaScript