2. Atoms & Elements

Periodic Table: Element Symbols

Symbols of Some Common Elements

Periodic Table: Symbols Concept

Consider the stable elements through lead 1Z = 822. In
how many instances are the atomic weights of the elements
out of order relative to the atomic numbers of the
elements?

What is wrong with each of the following statements? 
(a) The symbol for tin is Ti. 
(b) The symbol for manganese is Mg. 
(c) The symbol for potassium is Po. 
(d) The symbol for helium is HE.

Nuclide Symbols: Atomic Number, Mass Number, Ions, and Isotopes

For each of the following elements, write its chemical symbol, 
locate it in the periodic table, give its atomic number, 
and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: 
(g) sulphur.

There are 11 elements that posses a symbol based on Latin names.

Examine Figure 2.2, A portion of Mendeleev’s periodic table.
(a) Which characteristic was used to organize the elements in the table?

The prefix eka- comes from the Sanskrit word for “one.”
Mendeleev used this prefix to indicate that the unknown
element was one place away from the known element that
followed the prefix. For example, eka-silicon, which we now
call germanium, is one element below silicon. Mendeleev
also predicted the existence of eka-manganese, which was not
experimentally confirmed until 1937 because this element is
radioactive and does not occur in nature. Based on the periodic
table shown in Figure 7.1, what do we now call the element
Mendeleev called eka-manganese?

How many elements are presently known? About how many occur naturally?

Look at the alphabetical list of elements inside the front cover. Give the names corresponding to the following symbols:
(a) B
(b) Rh
(c) Cf 
(d) Os
(e) Ga

What is the atomic number of the blue element?

Look at the alphabetical list of elements inside the front cover. What are the symbols for the following elements?
(a) Gadolinium (used in color TV screens) 
(b) Germanium (used in semiconductors) 
(c) Technetium (used in biomedical imaging) 
(d) Arsenic (used in pesticides)

Look at the alphabetical list of elements inside the front cover. Give the names corresponding to the following symbols:
(a) Te
(b) Re 
(c) Be 
(d) Ar 
(e) Pu

What is wrong with each of the following statements?
(a) The symbol for carbon is ca. 
(b) The symbol for sodium is So. 
(c) The symbol for nitrogen is Ni. 
(d) The symbol for chlorine is Cr

Element Names & Symbols

The subscript giving the atomic number of an atom is often left off when writing an isotope symbol. For example, 6 often written simply as 13C. Why is this allowed?

Periodic Table: Symbols Example 1

How The Elements Got Their Names

Give the chemical symbol or name for each of the following
elements, as appropriate: (a) rhenium

Examine Figure 2.3, The periodic table.
(g) What is the symbol for the element located in period 3, group 4A?

Look at the alphabetical list of elements inside the front cover. What are the symbols for the following elements?
(a) Cadmium (used in rechargeable Ni-cad batteries) 
(b) Iridium (used for hardening alloys) 
(c) Beryllium (used in the space shuttle) 
(d) Tungsten (used in light bulbs)

In which of the periodic groups 1A, 2A, 5A, and 7A is the first letter of all elements’ symbol the same as the first letter of their name?

The element indicated on the following periodic table is used in smoke detectors. Identify it, give its atomic number, and tell what kind of group it’s in.

Give the names and symbols for the following elements:
(a) An element with atomic number 6 
(b) An element with 18 protons in its nucleus 
(c) An element with 23 electrons

Examine Figure 2.2, A portion of Mendeleev’s periodic table. 
How was Mendeleev able to predict with a high level of accuracy the properties of the undiscovered elements beneath Al and Si in the periodic table?

Give the chemical symbol or name for the following elements,
as appropriate: (c) cobalt

Based on the number of protons each element has, which would you expect to be chemically similar?

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Professor Dave Explains

1. Intro to General Chemistry

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

8. Thermochemistry

9. Quantum Mechanics

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

14. Solutions

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

The Oil Drop Experiment helped with determining the fundamental charge of the electron.&nbsp;

Ions

Ions represent elements that possess either a positive charge or a negative charge.&nbsp;

Periodic Table: Charges

Elements lose or gain electrons to have the ideal number of outer shell electrons like the noble gases.&nbsp;

Law of Definite Proportions

"Different samples of a pure chemical compound always contain the same proportions of elements by mass."

Periodic Table: Classifications

The Periodic Table contains 3 Major Classifications when describing its elements

Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of an element that have the same atomic number, but different mass number.&nbsp;

The Atom

The atom represents the basic functional unit in chemistry

Mole Concept

The Mole Concept involves the interconversions between different unit amounts of a substance.

Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals

The Groups of the Periodic Table can be broken down into the Representative Elements and Transition Metals

Atomic Theory

John Dalton, one of the "Fathers of Chemistry"is credited with modernizing the Atomic Theory.

Subatomic Particles

The atom is composed of 3 subatomic particles:neutrons, protons, and electrons.

Periodic Table: Elemental Forms

The elements of the Periodic Table exist in different elemental forms in the natural world

Periodic Table: Phases

Under standard conditions of temperature and pressure, the elements can exist as solids, liquids or gases

Atomic Mass

The atomic mass of an element includes the masses of all 3 subatomic particles of neutrons, protons and electrons.&nbsp;

Periodic Table: Group Names

The Periodic Table can be further classified into Periods and Groups.&nbsp;

Law of Conservation of Mass

"In a chemical reaction, no matter is created or destroyed, but instead changes form."

Calculating Molar Mass

Molar Mass is a physical property that represents the mass of a substance divided by the amount of that substance.

Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

The Gold Foil Experiment helped with the discovery of the positively charged nucleus.

Law of Multiple Proportions

“When 2 elements (A &amp; B) form different compounds, the mass of Element B that combine with 1 g of A are a ratio of whole numbers."

The Element Symbols of the Periodic Table represent the abbreviated form of an element