24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

Transition Metals Properties

Introduction to transition metals

Transition Metals:Oxidation States

 (A) First ionization energies increase from left to right for transition metals in all rows. 

 This is a correct statement but examine the other choices. 

 (B) A greater increase from left to right is seen in the third row than in the first and second rows. 

 This is a correct statement but examine the other choices as well. 

 (C) They increase from left to right for only the first row of transition metals. 

 In general, the ionization increases from left to right in all rows but not by the same magnitude. 

 Correct, ionization energies increase left to right in all rows. 

 Not all of these statements are correct. 

 Recall from earlier chapters that the magnitude of the ionization energy is related to the effective nuclear charge.  Think about how effective unclear charge varies across a period for the transition metals. 

Which of the following is true about the general trend of first ionization energies in transition metals?

 Correct, the alloy is a liquid under these conditions. 

Recall that the x-axis is mole percent nickel not mole percent copper.

 The gaseous state is not shown on this phase diagram. 

 Cannot be determined based on the diagram. 

 Locate the point on the phase diagram given by the mole percent and temperature to determine the physical state under these conditions. 

The x-axis is mole percent nickel. An alloy that is 20% copper is 80% nickel.

Using the phase diagram below, determine the phase of the alloy with a composition of 20% Cu and a temperature of 1300&#x2103;. <img src="https://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/esm/esm_tro_chemistry_6/msa/content/practice-quiz/img/troama5_pq_c25q7.jpg" alt="Binary phase diagram for a Cu-Zn alloy showing the mole-percent Zn on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis. The graph line that divides the diagram into two regions runs from the lower left at 0% Zn and 1084&#x2103; to the upper right at 100% Zn and 1455&#x2103;."/>

Transition metals and their properties | Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool

GCSE Separate Chemistry: The Properties of The Transition Metals

 Recall that all the changes between pure Cr and pure V are needed. 

 Check the physical state of pure Cr at the given temperature. 

 Correct, two phase transitions are involved. 

 Find the initial point that corresponds to pure Cr at 1800 &#176;C and move on the graph to the point that corresponds to pure V at 1800 &#176;C.  As you make this move across the graph watch for changes of state. 

Consider the phase diagram for the Cr&#8211;V alloy. At 1800&#x2103;, starting with pure chromium, what phase changes will occur as the percentage of vanadium is gradually increased until you reach pure vanadium? <img src="https://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/esm/esm_tro_chemistry_6/msa/content/practice-quiz/img/troama5_pq_c25q9.jpg" alt="Binary phase diagram for a Cr-V alloy showing the mole-percent V on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis. The graph line that divides the diagram into two regions runs from the left at 0% V and 1863&#x2103; and angles downward to 30% V at 1750&#x2103; and then angles upward toward 100% at 1929&#x2103;." />

 Correct, while Mn has unpaired electrons they do not align to produce a permanent magnetic field. 

 One of these elements is not ferromagnetic. 

 Ferromagnetic materials contain unpaired electrons that can align their spins in the same direction creating a permanent magnetic field, 

Which of the following metals is not ferromagnetic?

 Check, your calculation this result is even smaller than the radius of the octahedral hole. 

 You may be thinking about the radius of the octahedral hole. 

 Correct, the diameter is equal to twice the radius. 

 Check your calculations, the radius of the octahedral hole is much smaller than the radius of the surrounding atoms. 

 The radius of the metal can be related to the radius of the octahedral hole by utilizing the Pythagorean theorem. 

 Determine the diameter of the octahedral hole in the interstitial alloy titanium carbide.  The atomic radius of titanium is 147 pm. 

Transition Metals - Inner Transition Metals

 You may be think about the % Zn by moles. 

 Recall that there will be 1 Zn atom for every 3 Cu atoms. 

 Correct, this alloy will be 75% Cu and 25% Zn. 

 Recall that moles are directly proportional to the number of atoms of an element. 

 Determine the % Cu by moles composition of the copper alloy in which zinc replaces one-quarter of the copper atoms (at room temperature). 

Transition Metals:Atomic Size

13.1 Transition Metal Properties Overview [HL IB Chemistry]

 Sc exhibits on one oxidation state that of +3. 

 +4 is the highest oxidation state exhibited by Ti. 

 +5 is the highest oxidation state exhibited by V. 

 Correct, this oxidation state is exhibited in polyatomic anion such a chromate. 

 +7 is the highest oxidation state exhibited by Mn. 

 Which first-row transition metal has the highest possible oxidation state of +6? 

Which oxide, CrO3 or CrO, forms a more acidic aqueous solution?

 The line on the graph defines the coordinates for the equilibrium between the liquid and the solid state.  Find the temperature defined by this line that corresponds to the given nickel composition.  

 The melting point is the temperature at which the alloy changes phases from solid to liquid. 

Using the phase diagram below, determine the melting point of an alloy that is 60% nickel. <img src="https://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/esm/esm_tro_chemistry_6/msa/content/practice-quiz/img/troama5_pq_c25q7.jpg" alt="Binary phase diagram for a Cu-Zn alloy showing the mole-percent Zn on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis. The graph line that divides the diagram into two regions runs from the lower left at 0% Zn and 1084&#x2103; to the upper right at % Zn and 1455&#x2103;. The line also passes approximately through the intermediate points: 30% Zn and 1200&#x2103;, 50% Zn and 1280&#x2103;, 80% Zn and 1380&#x2103;."/>

Properties of Transition Metals | A-level Chemistry | OCR, AQA, Edexcel

Transition Metals:Ionization Energy

In which compound does Ti exhibit greater metallic behavior:TiF2 or TiF6?

 Think about how many atoms of copper had to have been replaced by Sn to reduce the mole% from 100% to 25%. 

 Consider the substitutional Cu&#8211;Sn alloy that is 25% Cu by moles.  What percentage of the copper atoms have been substituted with tin atoms? 

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1. Intro to General Chemistry

2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

8. Thermochemistry

9. Quantum Mechanics

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

14. Solutions

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Naming Coordination Compounds

Transition Metals

Coordination Isomers

Coordination Complexes