pH and pOH

Hey, guys, In this new video, we're gonna take a close look at P H and P O H. So we're gonna say that when it comes to the concentrations of H positive and O H minus, they usually come as very small numbers. And what we need to realize here is that the pH scale was invented to basically turn these varying small numbers into more manageable ones. So we're gonna stay under normal conditions. The pH scale operates within the range of zero tau 14. But what we need to realize here is that the PH scale could be less than zero, or it could be greater than 14. All we would need to do is increase the concentration of our acid or base. Remember, 0. 14 are not the only numbers that your pH your pH could be that could be greater or less than that. It all again depends on upping the concentration of your compound. If you make your concentration very high, like over one Moeller, then I'll give you a very high or very low pH. Now we're gonna say, by taking the negative log of H positive and O H minus, we confined Ph and P O h. So ph just means negative log of H plus concentration or negative log of h +30 plus. Because remember, we said this before H positive H 30 plus Same exact thing. P O. H is the negative log of O H minus. So that means that p represents negative log.

And what we should realize here is that by recognizing the relationship between h positive in O. H minus, we can find a new way to express them in terms of P H and P O H. So we come back here, we say that PH equals negative log of h positive. We could divide both sides by negative one to get rid of this negative. So negative pH equals log off h positive. Now we wanna just isolate th positive, so we're gonna divide out the log. When you divide anything by log, it becomes tend to that whatever the variable is. So we just find a new relationship. We can say that h positive. The concentration of H plus ions is equal to 10 to the negative pH. We could do the same thing with p. O. H. Divide both sides by negative one where negative p o. H equals log off O H minus divide both sides by log. So which minus equals 10 to the negative P o. H. So just remember the relationship we have here with these first two equations and how we have the relationship with their concentrations. Because sometimes you'll be asked to find HPE plus concentration. If they give you pH. Sometimes you may be asked to find O H minus concentration. If they give you p O H. You have to know the relationship both front words and backwards.

Now we're gonna say a species with a pH greater than seven greater than seven is classified as basic. If your basic you're gonna say that your H plus concentration is less than you're O h minus concentration. And we can also say that the stronger the base than the higher the pH and the higher the pH, the greater you're hydroxide concentration. Okay, so we can understand this relationship as strongest base would have the lowest pH I mean highest pH and therefore have the highest, all H minus concentration. Remember, we already went over this several videos ago. How do we determine if something is weak or strong? You still need to know those in order to do the following questions, because again, I've said it so many times before. Why do we need to know the strength of things? Because eventually we're gonna have to use ice charts to find pH if we're given a weak acid or a week base. That's why it's important to know what our species is is a week or is it strong? Now we're gonna say a species with a pH less than seven is termed acidic. And if you're acidic, your H plus concentration is greater than Euro H minus concentration. Here we can say the stronger the acid than the lower the pH. So strongest acid has the lowest pH, which means you have the highest h plus. And then finally, we're gonna say species with a pH equal to seven is neutral. Remember, this is Onley true at 25 degrees Celsius. Because, remember, at 25 degrees Celsius, K w equals 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. If they were to change the temperature, that would change our K W. And then neutral Ph would become a new number. It doesn't always equal seven. And we're gonna stay here if you're neutral and your age plus concentration is equal to your O H minus concentration.

and we're going to stay here. We talked about P H and P O. H and just realized their relationship is connected together by this equation, we're gonna say ph plus p o h equals 14. This arises by the fact that we have k w equals h positive times O H minus. And if you take the negative log off H plus, it gives you pH if you take the negative log off. O H minus. It gives you P O H and K W was 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. And if you took the negative log of K W, it would give you 14. So that's where this equation comes from. It comes from taking the negative log of all of this. And remember, if you have two things multiplying like H positive and O. H minus are multiplying and you take the negative log of that whole thing, then it becomes the addition between them. Okay, so these guys are related. These two equations that I circled are related because they're connected together by negative long. So just remember that relationship and you'll be able to remember this formula. Remember? Ph scale 0 14 you could be below zero or higher than depending on the concentration of the acid or base you're using.

Hey, guys, In this new video, we're gonna put to practice some of the concepts we learned about P. H and P O H. So let's take a look at the first example here it says, What is the hydroxide ion? So what's the O. H minus and the hydrogen ion concentration or hide rhodium ion concentration. Actually, that's H plus often acquis solution that has a pH equal to 6.12. So we have pH we need to find O h minus and h plus. Remember, we're able to derive a formula that connects us between H plus and pH. Remember that H plus equals 10 to the negative pH. So I would have to do now is just take that number and plug it in. When we do that, we get 7.59 times 10 to the negative seven. Now, we could find ohh now, and we confined Ohh in two different ways. Now, the first way we could find o. H minus is by simply using this equation. Kw equals H plus times. Ohh! Minus we know what K W is. We assume the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius. Since they don't tell us what it is. So this will be 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. We just found out. What h plus is it? 7.59 times 10 to the negative seven. Now we have to find O H minus. Ohh! Mind this is our only missing variable. So just isolated. So here, o H minus would equal 1.32 times 10 to the negative eight. So that would be one way we confined O h minus. Now, the second way we could find it is if we know p o. H. We could make a connection between p o H and O H minus. So, first we'd say that pH plus p o H equals 14. We know Ph is 6.12. So let's just isolate r p o h subtract 6 12 from both sides. So p o. H equals 7.88 Remember, what's the connection between P. O. H and O H minus? You could just simply say that oh h minus equals 10 to the negative P o. H. And if you did 10 to the negative 7.88 you get the same exact answer for O. H minus. So two different methods to find the same exact missing variable. So it's basically your choice on deciding which way you want to go. Personally, I like to just find P o H and just do 10 to the negative p o. H. Because remember, if you don't put these two in brackets, your calculator may give you the incorrect answer. So it's probably always safer just to say oh h minus equals 10 to the negative P O. H.

Hey, guys, In this new video, we're gonna continue with our calculations dealing with P H and P O H. So, in this question, it says a solution is prepared by dissolving 0. moles off strong team hydroxide in water to produce a solution with the volume of 750 amounts. Now I'm asking you to find the concentration of O H minus. Remember these brackets being concentration? Another name for concentration is molar ity. And remember, mole arat e equals moles of solute over leaders of solution. So here we need the moles of O H minus, divided by the leaders of solution. Let's do the easier part first. The easier part is we have 750 ml of solution. So let's just change that to leaders. So we're gonna say we have 750 m. Els. You can say here for everyone Leader, there's 1000 mL or you could say for everyone ml there's 10 to the negative three leaders, so that gives me 0.750 leaders that will go on the bottom. Now the harder part we have toe isolate moles off just hydroxide ion So all we're gonna do here is we're gonna take these 0. moles of strong team hydroxide and convert them into moles of hydroxide ion on Lee. So we're gonna say we have 0.235 moles off strong team hydroxide and then just simply say, here for every one mole of strontium hydroxide how maney hydroxide zahren the formula, you can notice that there are two of them, so there's two hydroxide for every one mole off strong team hydroxide. So that's gonna give me 0.4 70 moles. Oh, h minus. So we're gonna take those molds and plug them up top. So 470 divided by 4700.750 will give me 0.6 to 7 Moeller Oh, h minus. So that'll be your answer here. Now, for part being, I want us to find the H plus concentration. So remember, all we need to realize here is if I know my o h minus concentration, then I know my age plus concentration because, remember, they're connected by this formula. K w equals H positive times O h minus. Plug in what we know for K W. And then fill in what we know for O H minus. So we got to do now is divide both sides by 6 to and we'll know what h plus is. H plus comes out to be 1.59 times 10 to the negative. 14. Hope you guys were able to follow along this question just how to do with a little bit off, uh, unit conversions and some little bit of stoke geometric relationships. For every one mole of strong team hydroxide, we have two moles of O H minus. So now that we've seen that one, I want you guys to attempt to do this practice question here. So remember, go back and see what the relationships are in order to find this correct answer and just realized you when I say pure water, just understand pure water means neutral water. So if your water is pure, you're neutral water. And remember, what? What does that mean in terms of H plus and O H minus, knowing that will be the key to solving this question? Good luck, guys.

Hey, guys, In this new video, we're gonna take a look at the auto ionization of water. So what we're gonna say here is in an acquis solution. So the solvent is water. Water molecules can react with each other on. We're gonna say this is called the process off auto ionization or self ionization. Now, in this process, we're going to create H 30 plus and O H minus. Now just realize, how does this happen for this to occur? One of the water molecules has to act as an acid, and the other one has to act as a base. So let's say that this one here acts as the acid, and this year is the base. Remember, Bronston Laurie definitions. The acid acts as an H plus donor. The base acts as an H plus except er, so this base right here is going to accept an H plus, and as a result, it's gonna become H 30 plus. Then we're gonna say that the other water molecule, the one that's acting as an acid because it's giving away an H plus it becomes O. H minus and just also realize here that water molecules exists in liquid form. But then once they become these ions the hydro Nia, my on and the hydroxide ion they're gonna become a quiz. So they're no longer liquid water. And because of that, they're no longer a liquid. There gonna be a quiz? Remember, A quiz just means that the parts of the water are attracted to these particular ions. We can simplify auto ionization or self organization by just saying that water separates into H plus plus O H minus. Remember, we've said this before that h plus is the same thing as H 30 plus. Okay, so both are hydro Nia, my on They both mean the same exact thing. Now we're gonna say here that the equilibrium equation for water is called the ion product and I on product, it's simply said to bkw So when we're talking about the k w for water, we're talking about the ion product of water and we're gonna say that K w equals your hydro knee my on multiply times, your hydroxide ion, and we're gonna say here that at 25 degrees Celsius, K W is 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. But remember, Just like all case, it's going to be temperature dependent. If you change the temperature, you're gonna change the value of the K W. So we're gonna say increasing the temperature will increase our kw. Now, here I give us a bunch of different values for K W, found at various temperatures and notice as a temperature. Gradually increases are K W will get bigger and bigger now. Just realize on your exam when you need to use K W. If they don't give you a temperature, just assume that it's 25 degrees Celsius. So then K W would be 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. Now, knowing this, let's take a look at this question here.

So this question states determine the concentration of hydro Nia my on so basically find H plus or H +30 plus they both mean the same thing for a neutral solution at 25 degrees Celsius and 50 degrees Celsius. Okay, Now what we should realize here is what does neutral mean? Neutral means that your compound is not acidic or basic, and what it really means is that h 30 plus equals O H minus. They're both the same thing and because they're equal to each other, we're gonna set them both to an unknown variable. We're gonna set them two X and then what we're gonna do here is we know at 25 degrees Celsius, k w will be 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. So a 25 degrees Celsius, That's what our K W. Is. And we just said that h 30 plus in which minus are equal when the solution is neutral and we're gonna set them both equal to X. So then you're gonna say x times X really means x squared and you only wanna find X, not X squared. So take the square root so in this case, X equals 1.0 times 10 to the negative seven. That number right there represents my concentration of H 30 plus. And technically, because it's neutral, it also represents the concentration of O H minus. Now, if you wanted to do it at 50 degrees Celsius would have to realize that since the temperature changes kw changes to this new number here. So we're gonna say 5.476 times 10 to the negative 14. Same exact process equals X squared. We just want X. So we're gonna take the square root of both sides. When we do that, it's going to give us a final answer of X equals 2. times 10 to the negative seven? No. Now So remember, this is important to know because K w equals H plus and times O H minus. This equation is important because of the temperature temperature is not given. Assume that K w equals 1.0 times 10 to the negative 14. If you know h plus concentration, then you know O h minus concentration. Because K w will be our constant and vice versa. If you know o h minus. You confined h Plus, this is the relationship we need to understand and these air the beginning steps for us to figure out the p H and p o h of different types of acquis solutions.

Hey, guys, In this new video, we're gonna take a look at the connection between Ph and P. O. H and how they relate to strong acids and strong bases. So remember, we've talked about this before. We're gonna say that strong acids and strong bases are considered to be strong electrolytes. Remember strong electrolytes, Completely ionized. That means they break up 100%. You may even hear that these strong acids and bases air called highly electrolytic. That also means they break up completely highly electro politic. So if we take a look here, we have HCL in N a o h. Remember, from the rules we've learned, we know HCL is a strong binary acid, and we know n a O. H is a strong base because we have a group one ai on and a positive connected to O. H minus. So what happens here? We have a single arrow going forward because they break up 100% to give us thes ions. We'd say that the product side is highly favored and just realize if we have a strong acid or a strong base, I've said it before. We don't have to use a nice chart in order to find pH or P O. H. So if you have a strong acid, take the negative log to find pH. If you have a strong base, take the negative log to find P O. H. So let's take a look. At example, one.

so an example? One, it says calculate the pH off a 0.782 Moeller solution off. Calcium hydride. No, we know that calcium hydride is a strong base. Because remember, we have calcium, which is C A two plus connecting with h minus are hydride ions. So what happens here? The two from here came here. The one from here came here. That's how we got calcium hydride. And what we should realize here is that there are two calcium hydride in the formula. Now, this is what you need to remember. When it comes to strong basis for strong bases. You have to be very careful. We're going to say that this is not the real concentration of our strong base. You're gonna say when you have strong bases, you have to look at the number off O H minus H minus and H two minus 02 minus. So you have to look to see how many of each you have in order to determine the rial concentration off that strong base. In this particular question, we have to h minus is and because we have two of them, we have to multiply this by two that will give us the correct concentration off our strong base. Okay, so you have to remember that. So, for example, if I had C a o. H. Two and there was a 0.100 Moeller of it again because you have 20 H is you'd have to multiply that by two. If you have calcium of mind, you would have to an h two. So again, you have to multiply the concentration times to to get the correct concentration. Now, what we're gonna do is we're gonna multiply the initial concentration times to to get the rial concentration. Okay, When we do that, we're gonna get our correct concentration. That's the number that we're gonna plug in. So when we do that, and I'm gonna remove myself guys from the image so we have more room to work with When we do that, we're gonna get a new number a new value for r O. H. Minus concentration. So here, we're gonna get 0.1564 Mueller, that becomes our new concentration. So we're going to say p o. H equals negative. Log off O H minus. So it becomes negative. Log off 0.1564 Moeller. Now, some of you may be asking, but Jules, this is saying the concentration of O. H minus. We don't have O. H minus. We have h minus. How do they relate? Just realized that all four of these ions can be treated as being the same. They all feed into the concentration of O H minus. Okay, so h minus. Just understood as a general term for the strong basic ion off a strong base. So if I have to h 20 h minus is that's equivalent to two h minus is equivalent to two NH two minuses. Same thing. So when we take the negative log of this, this will give us our p o h. It's gonna give us 0.81 for our p o h. But remember, let's pay attention. I didn't ask for the pH I asked for. I didn't ask for the p o. H. I asked for the pH. So we need to use the next equation. PH plus p o h equals 14. Plug in what we know. For P o h. 0.81 we need ph. So subtract 0.81 from both sides. So ph here equals 13.19 So that will be our pH for this first question. Hopefully, guys didn't get lost. But what I was saying Just remember for strong bases you have to look to see how Maney o H minus is You have h minus is you have an H two minuses. You have an 02 businesses you have their number, determines the correct concentration of our strong base. And right now, what you need to realize is we only do this for strong base. At this point. If we had a strong acid such as H two s, 04 that strong acid has too acidic. H is. But we wouldn't need to multiply the concentration times too, because when it comes to acids, the first age coming off extremely strong. But the second one that comes off is extremely weak. And because the second H plus is extremely weak, we wouldn't need to multiply the concentration times too. So we only do this multiplication of concentrations when we have strong basis. Later on, when we deal with acid based titrate, shins and buffers, we'll talk about how assets play a role

Now that we've done that one, let's look, at example, too. Now, an example to it says calculate the pH off a 0.550 Mueller hbr solution to the correct number of significant figures. Okay, so we know that HBR is a strong binary acid, so we don't need to find use a nice chart. We can just take the negative log of that to find Ph. And we're gonna say since it's a strong acid, this is the concentration of Rh Plus. Now, when we plug this into our calculator gives us 3. But remember, we looked were asked to find the correct pH to the correct significant figures. How do we determine the correct significant figures? It's all based on our given concentration. We're gonna say how Maney Sig Figs are in this concentration. Remember Sig Figs? We talked about a long time ago when it came to significant figures. We'd say that this particular compound, it has a decimal. So you count from left to right. You start counting once you get to your first non zero number. So you're gonna skip this because it's zero skip this. Skip this. Skip this. Our first non zero number going from left to right is this five. Once you start counting, you can't stop counting until you get to the very end. So we say 1233 Sig Figs in this concentration. So we know the correct number of significant figures in our concentration that will help us. Correct. Find the correct answer. Now, we're gonna say there are three sig figs in this concentration. So my answer has toe have three decimal places, so it has to have three decimal places. So again, the number of sick fix in your concentration determines the number of digits in your decimal places. So three sig figs in our concentration means we need three decimal places. So we need toe. Keep three decimal places. So here, this six means that we have to round up. So the correct answer would be 3. Again, the number of sick figs in your concentration tells you the number of decimal places. Your pH or your P O. H has tohave since the concentration at three sig figs are Ph needs three decimal places. Now that we've seen these first two. I want you guys to attempt to do this last one here, calculate the pH off 50 miles off 4. times 10 to the negative seven Moeller h two s So we know that this is a strong acid, and again, when it comes to acids, we don't have to worry about multiplying the concentration by the number of H is that we have. We won't see something like that until we deal with titrate Asians. When we come to buffers and acids and bases reacting with each other for now, we don't have to multiply the concentration by to the concentration stays the same, knowing that you guys tell me what the new pH is going to be, what the correct answer will be to this question. Once you've done that, click on the explanation button and you'll see a video of me explaining what to do for this particular question.

Hey, guys, in this new video, we're gonna take a look at How exactly do we calculate the pH or P O. H of a weak species? So remember, we've talked about this before. We're gonna say that weak acids and bases are weak electrolytes, which means they don't completely break up when they dissolve in water. And what you should notice here is that we're gonna have double arrows because instead of going to completion, they're gonna establish in equilibrium and we're gonna say here for weak acids and weak bases, the react inside is highly favored, which means that our product not product but our compounds stay mostly as reactant. Very little of it breaks down to give us products. So we're gonna say the react inside is highly favored. So majority of our compound will stay as react. It's

So let's take a look at this first question here. It says Paradyne and organic molecule is a very common, weak base, and we should know that it's a week base because if we take a look at purity, it has carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Remember, that's an indication that we have in a mean it doesn't have a positive charge on it. So it's a neutral mean, which would make it a week base again. The rules are incredibly important to remember, and in this question I make it really easy for us. I tell you, it's a week base, but expect your professor is not to be that obvious about it. They'll give you a compound, and it's up to you to identify it as either an acid or base, weak or strong. All right, so we have a weak base here. It says assume you have a 0.2 to 5 Moeller solution of purity determine its pH. The K B value for the compound is 1.5 times 10 to the negative nine. Now, we're gonna need a lot of room toe work this first ice chart out, so I'm gonna remove myself from the image guys. So we have more room to work with. All right, so we know we have a weak base. And I told you have said it multiple times. If you have a weak acid or weak base, we have to use a nice chart. So let's set up this ice chart. We're gonna say C five h five n plus water. So I'm just rewriting the equation we have above. And we know this has to be the equation because remember, if this is the base, then the water has to be the acid. So the water has to give away an H positive to the base. The base accepts the h positive, and that's how it became this conjugate acid. The water loses an h positive, and that's how it becomes this conjugate base. Now we're gonna say we're gonna do a nice charts. So its initial change equilibrium. That's what I stands for. And remember, in a nice chart, we ignore two phases. We ignore solids and liquids. The water is a liquid, so we're going to ignore it. So again we ignore solids and liquids. Next, we're gonna say, since this is a nice chart, dealing with acids and bases. We have to have the units in Mol Arat E. The good thing is already gave you the units and it is more hilarity. So if they didn't give it to you and polarity, you have to make sure you convert them to that. I don't tell you anything initially about the products, so assume they're zero. Now, here's the important thing. The important sentence you need to remember for acid and base reactions. We lose react INTs to make products. So we're losing the reacting. So it's gonna be negative X because we don't know what the changes remember, it's weak. We don't really know how much of it is breaking down. And if we don't know how much of it's breaking down, we don't know how much product we're making. So this is gonna be plus X because their products were making them bring down everything. So this is gonna be 0.2 to 5 minus x plus X plus x. So we've just filled out our first ice chart for a week base. Now what we're gonna say is, since it's a week, base bases used K b. So here we're gonna say K B equals products. Overreact. It's. And I told you the value right here. It's 15 times 10 to the negative nine. So let's just plug in what we know. This will be 1.5 times 10 to the negative nine, and then we're gonna have the products multiplying. Just write the equilibrium expression here. Okay, So this is the equilibrium expression we have, and these two things are X in here and in here. So x Times X is X squared, divided by 0.2 to 5 minus X. Now, here's a crappy thing about ice charts. Sometimes we have to use the quadratic. The good thing is, when it's acid and base chemistry, we can use a shortcut to see if we can ignore this minus X. If we could ignore that minus X, we don't have to do the quadratic. So to figure out if we could ignore or not, we're just simply going to do this. We're gonna take our initial concentration. Our initial concentration is this number and divided by r k value. Whichever que were using. In this case, we happen to be using K B. So the over KB. But if we use another if we use another question in the value have to be K a. Then it will be the initial divided by K. We're gonna say if you get an answer greater than 500 then you can ignore the minus X. So just remember that this is the trick we're gonna use to see if we could ignore that minus X, take the initial concentration divided by the K value were using. If you get an answer back 500 greater than 500 that means we could ignore that minus X, because that minus sex is gonna be so small it doesn't affect our real answer. So we're gonna take the initial concentration, which is 0.225 and divided by the K value 1.5 times 10 to the negative nine. When we do that, we get 1.5 times 10 to the seventh. So that answer is incredibly large, much bigger than 500. Which would mean we can ignore this minus X. So this is gonna make our math a lot easier, because now we don't have to do the quadratic, so we're gonna do here is gonna multiply both sides by 0. So we're gonna say now X squared equals 3.375 times 10 to the negative 11. We don't want X squared. We just want X. So take the square root. So X here equals 5.81 times 10 to the negative six. Now, when it comes to acid base chemistry, when you find X X gives you either oh h minus or H 30 plus And it's all based on which one is in your equation. In our equation, we have h plus and at equilibrium H plus equals X. So we just found Here is the concentration of O H minus. And if we know the concentration of O H minus, we know the p o. H. Because remember, p o H equals negative log of O H minus. So plug it in. So here we're gonna say here that means that r p o H equals 5.24 But I didn't ask for p. O. H asked for ph. So now you're gonna say ph plus p o h equals pH equals 14 minus P. O h So what equals 14 minus 5. So your answer here would be Now, I know it looks like a lot of work, and it iss and you have to be very careful with all the math that you're doing. One little mistake could greatly affect your answer, but this is the way we would set up our ice chart. Now there's gonna be a few variations of different types of questions they can ask. But don't worry. The other videos will cover different varieties of ice charts. This is just our first one. Hopefully, you guys didn't get lost along the way as we did this. If you got a little confused here and there, feel free. If you have to post a question dealing with it. If you have any questions on this one, or just go back and look at the video again, we know we had a week based, so we had to do this. The thing is week basis produce always minus as a product. So we have to change our O H minus into P O. H. And then from P O H. Two ph. If we started out with a weak acid. It will produce H 30 plus we find X, and that will give us a three plus and then you simply to find Ph. Take the negative log of H 30 plus and that will give us pH. Hopefully, guys, you guys get really good at thes because it does take practice, so make sure you pay attention to all the steps that we're doing.

Hey guys, in this new video, we're going to continue with our calculations off weak species. So in this question, it says an unknown weak base has an initial concentration off 0.750 Moeller, with a pH of 8.3 calculate its equilibrium based constant. So first of all, I say weak base. So that means ice chart. And then I want you to calculate the equilibrium base constant. So that means we have to find out what K B is. So what? The first thing we're gonna do is let's just write out the equation dealing with this week base. We can say here the week based could be represented by a minus if we want, and it's gonna react with water. Since it's a base, it's going to accept an H positive from the water and become h A water loses an h positive. So it's gonna become o H minus. Remember, Isis initial change equilibrium. We're gonna say water is a liquid. So in our ice chart, we put a big X through it because it doesn't matter Now we're gonna plug in the initial concentration of my week base. So here is gonna be 0.750 Moeller, I don't tell us anything initially about the products, so there's zero Don't And remember, we lose reactant to make products, so it's gonna be minus X plus X plus x 750 minus X plus X plus X. Now remember, K B equals products overreacting. So it's equal to H A times O H minus over a minus. What we're gonna do here is we can't ignore anything because we're looking for the value of K. So we're gonna plug in everything we know at equilibrium. So this is gonna be X times X. So this is gonna be X squared over 0. minus X. So in order to find K B, we need to know what the heck is X Now? I gave you a good piece of information here. I tell you what the Ph is, but remember what's wrong with this? PH goes with acids, but here we're dealing with the base. So we're gonna need P o. H. So what we're gonna do first is we're going to change the pH I give to you to P o. H. So we're gonna say P o h equals 14 minus p o p h. So that's gonna give me 5.97 And remember, if you know p o h u kno o h minus because o h minus equals 10 to the negative pH Yeah, and we're gonna say if we know the concentration of O H minus. What is this number fit into our calculations? Well, if you know h minus is calm concentration. You know what O H minus is at equilibrium and at equilibrium. Oh, h minus equals X. So this answer right? He will give us our variable for X R amount for X, find that X, Plug it into here, Plug it into here and we'll know what r k B is. So we're gonna say this is 1.7 times 10 to the negative six, and this equals R X. So take that number, plug it in. So I'm gonna have 1.7 times 10 to the minus six squared, divided by 0.750 minus 107 times 10 to the negative six. When we work all that out that I'll give us our KB value and r K B value will be 1.53 times 10 to the negative 12. That will be arcade value now. This ice chart was definitely different than the other one we did, but it's still dealing with the week species, so we have to use a nice chart. Now that we've seen this example, I want you guys to attempt to do the practice one on the bottom. So here the practice question says, determine the pH of a solution made by dissolving 6.1 g off sodium cyanide and a CNN in enough water to make 500 MLS of solution. The K A of H C N is 4.9 times 10 to the negative. 10. I'll give you guys a huge hint. We're dealing with this compound here. Determine what that compound is. Is it a base, or is it an acid? Is it weak or strong? That will help guide us on what to do if we know it's a week Species. We have to do a nice chart and remember, if it's a weak acid, then it uses K A. If it's a week base, then it uses K B. And remember, if you have to convert K to something else. Remember, the equation is K w equals K a times K B. So from those hints, use that to help you solve the question. And remember, when it comes to a nice chart, the units have to be in polarity, moles over leaders. The luck on this one, guys.