Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of charged ions. Typically, this occurs between metals, which lose electrons and become positively charged cations, and nonmetals, which gain electrons to become negatively charged anions. The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions leads to the formation of a crystalline lattice structure, which is characteristic of ionic compounds.
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Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are formed when two or more nonmetals share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell, resulting in the formation of molecules. This sharing can be equal (nonpolar covalent) or unequal (polar covalent), depending on the electronegativity of the atoms involved. Covalent compounds typically have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds and can exist as gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature.
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Covalent (Molecular) Hydrides
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond. It plays a crucial role in determining whether a bond will be ionic or covalent. In general, a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms indicates that an ionic bond is likely to form, while a small difference suggests that a covalent bond will occur. Understanding electronegativity helps predict the nature of the bond based on the elements involved.
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