Planning, managing, and providing therapeutic services, diagnostic services, health informatics, support services, and biotechnology research and development.

Perform laboratory-based tasks such as sampling, testing, and measuring in the field of medicine.

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists

Medical Laboratory Scientists

Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities.

Medical Scientists

Biotechnology Research and Development

Assist in postmortem examinations, keeping records of the samples, specimens, organs, and respective findings. Organize for the appropriate disposal of pathological materials under supervision.

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Anatomical Pathology Technicians

Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests.

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Analyze chromosomes or chromosome segments found in biological specimens, such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, solid tumors, and blood to aid in the study, diagnosis, classification, or treatment of inherited or acquired genetic diseases. Conduct analyses through classical cytogenetic, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) techniques.

Cytogenetic Technologists

Stain, mount, and study cells to detect evidence of cancer, hormonal abnormalities, and other pathological conditions following established standards and practices.

Cytotechnologists

Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Includes vascular technologists.

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease, disability, or health outcomes. May develop the means for prevention and control.

Epidemiologists

Prepare histologic slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May assist in research studies.

Histotechnologists

Histotechnologists and Histologic Technicians

Operate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. Monitor patient safety and comfort, and view images of area being scanned to ensure quality of pictures. May administer gadolinium contrast dosage intravenously. May interview patient, explain MRI procedures, and position patient on examining table. May enter into the computer data such as patient history, anatomical area to be scanned, orientation specified, and position of entry.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists

Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May work under the guidance of a medical technologist.

Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May train or coordinate staff.

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists

Generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose calculations, communicate and coordinate the treatment plan implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team.

Medical Dosimetrists

Conduct electroneurodiagnostic (END) tests such as electroencephalograms, evoked potentials, polysomnograms, or electronystagmograms. May perform nerve conduction studies.

Neurodiagnostic Technologists

Prepare, administer, and measure radioactive isotopes in therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studies using a variety of radioisotope equipment. Prepare stock solutions of radioactive materials and calculate doses to be administered by radiologists. Subject patients to radiation. Execute blood volume, red cell survival, and fat absorption studies following standard laboratory techniques.

Nuclear Medicine Technologists

Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions and ophthalmic photography. Provide instruction and supervision to other ophthalmic personnel. Assist with minor surgical procedures, applying aseptic techniques and preparing instruments. May perform eye exams, administer eye medications, and instruct patients in care and use of corrective lenses.

Ophthalmic Medical Technologists

Maintain and use equipment and supplies necessary to demonstrate portions of the human body on x-ray film or fluoroscopic screen for diagnostic purposes.

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technicians

Take x rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's blood stream for diagnostic purposes. Includes technologists who specialize in other scanning modalities.

Radiologic Technologists

Provide respiratory care under the direction of respiratory therapists and physicians.

Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site.

Surgical Assistants

Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, and execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and maintain equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery.

Veterinary Technologists and Technicians

Diagnostic Services

Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the health care system. Process, maintain, compile, and report patient information for health requirements and standards in a manner consistent with the healthcare industry's numerical coding system.

Medical Records Specialists

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Doctors formally enrolled in a specialty training program. Complete on-the-job training and assessments to qualify for fellowship of a recognized specialist medical college, which allows a doctor to practice medicine independently and unsupervised in that relevant specialty field.

Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars

Medical Registrars

Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.

Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

Medical Secretaries

Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction.

Medical Transcriptionists

Health Informatics

Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities for a hospital, clinical laboratory, or medical organization. Contribute to the development and achievement of strategic objectives and operational targets

Medical and Health Services Managers

Chief Medical Scientists

Maintain a sterile field to provide support for physicians and nurses during endoscopy procedures. Prepare and maintain instruments and equipment. May obtain specimens.

Endoscopy Technicians

Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations.

Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment.

Medical Equipment Preparers

Plan, direct, or coordinate nursing services in organizations such as hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, and public health agencies.

Nurse Managers

Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides.

Orderlies

Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling.

Pharmacy Aides

Oversee day-to-day pharmacy operations and manage all staff in the pharmacy department.

Pharmacy Managers

Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions.

Phlebotomists

Assist speech-language pathologists in the assessment and treatment of speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. Implement speech and language programs or activities as planned and directed by speech-language pathologists. Monitor the use of alternative communication devices and systems.

Speech-Language Pathology Assistants

Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm animals for signs of illness, disease, or injury in laboratories and animal hospitals and clinics. Clean and disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilize laboratory and surgical equipment. May provide routine postoperative care, administer medication orally or topically, or prepare samples for laboratory examination under the supervision of veterinary or laboratory animal technologists or technicians, veterinarians, or scientists.

Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers

Support Services

Diagnose, treat, and prevent disorders by stimulating specific acupuncture points within the body using acupuncture needles. May also use cups, nutritional supplements, therapeutic massage, acupressure, and other alternative health therapies.

Acupuncturists

Provide advanced nursing care for patients with acute conditions such as heart attacks, respiratory distress syndrome, or shock. May care for pre- and post-operative patients or perform advanced, invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Acute Care Nurses

Assess, diagnose, and treat individuals and families with mental health or substance use disorders or the potential for such disorders. Apply therapeutic activities, including the prescription of medication, per state regulations, and the administration of psychotherapy.

Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses

Diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and disease processes affecting the immune system.

Allergists and Immunologists

Assist anesthesiologists in the administration of anesthesia for surgical and non-surgical procedures. Monitor patient status and provide patient care during surgical treatment.

Anesthesiologist Assistants

Administer anesthetics and analgesics for pain management prior to, during, or after surgery.

Anesthesiologists

Provide information and support to patients with heart rhythm problems. Assess, plan, implement, coordinate, and evaluate patient care and involve members of multidisciplinary teams in the process.

Registered Nurses

Arrhythmia Nurses

Plan or conduct art therapy sessions or programs to improve clients' physical, cognitive, or emotional well-being.

Art Therapists

Evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries or illnesses. Provide preventive, therapeutic, emergency, and rehabilitative care.

Athletic Trainers

Assess and treat persons with hearing and related disorders. May fit hearing aids and provide auditory training. May perform research related to hearing problems.

Audiologists

Assist in improving people's physical condition and quality of life by means of physical assessment and the prescription of healthy exercise habits.. Determine the physical condition of an individual through various laboratory tests.

Exercise Physiologists

Biokineticists

Coordinate and facilitate individual patient pathways across primary, secondary, and tertiary care interfaces, establishing effective working relationships with members of the multidisciplinary team, patients, their families, and caregivers.

Cancer Nurse Coordinators

Provide an expert patient-centered nursing consultancy service to cardiac patients, their carers, and other healthcare professionals.

Clinical Nurse Specialists

Cardiac Clinical Nurse Consultants

Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.

Cardiologists

Diagnose, treat, and help prevent disorders of the mind focusing on the mental health of children and adolescents, and their families.

Psychiatrists

Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists

Assess, treat, and care for patients by manipulation of spine and musculoskeletal system. May provide spinal adjustment or address sacral or pelvic misalignment.

Chiropractors

Coordinate nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations, and standards.

Provide specialized nursing care for patients in critical or coronary care units.

Critical Care Nurses

Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist. Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization, preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes.

Dental Assistants

Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia.

Dental Hygienists

Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental appliances or provide preventive care.

Dentists, General

Diagnose and treat diseases relating to the skin, hair, and nails. May perform both medical and dermatological surgery functions.

Dermatologists

Assist in the provision of food service and nutritional programs, under the supervision of a dietitian. May plan and produce meals based on established guidelines, teach principles of food and nutrition, or counsel individuals.

Dietetic Technicians

Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease. May coordinate activities of a department providing quantity food services, counsel individuals, or conduct nutritional research.

Dietitians and Nutritionists

Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May coordinate emergency medical staff in an emergency department.

Emergency Medicine Physicians

Work within the endoscopy unit of a hospital or other medical institution to assist with procedures including endoscopies. Responsible for the provision of person-centered, evidence-based nursing care that promotes positive health outcomes.

Endoscopy Nurses

Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or physical activities such as those designed to improve cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility.

Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment.

Family Medicine Physicians

Family and General Practitioners

Assess individual or family risk for a variety of inherited conditions, such as genetic disorders and birth defects. Provide information to other healthcare providers or to individuals and families concerned with the risk of inherited conditions. Advise individuals and families to support informed decisionmaking and coping methods for those at risk. May help conduct research related to genetic conditions or genetic counseling.

Genetic Counselors

Provide medical care to the elderly and have expertise in dealing with people with multiple conditions. Address the patients' medical problems including chronic illnesses and focus on quality of life and functional ability.

Geriatrician

Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds.

Hearing Aid Specialists

Monitor the health status of an individual with disabilities or illness, and address their health-related needs, such as changing bandages, dressing wounds, or administering medication. Work is performed under the direction of offsite or intermittent onsite licensed nursing staff. Provide assistance with routine healthcare tasks or activities of daily living, such as feeding, bathing, toileting, or ambulation. May also help with tasks such as preparing meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry depending on the patient's abilities.

Home Health Aides

Provide inpatient care predominantly in settings such as medical wards, acute care units, intensive care units, rehabilitation centers, or emergency rooms. Manage and coordinate patient care throughout treatment.

Hospitalists

Research and develop medications, perform quality control tests, and ensure that medication complies with regulations.

Pharmacists

Industrial Pharmacists

Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting.

General Internal Medicine Physicians

Internists, General

Care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients or persons with disabilities in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required.

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Provide therapy to patients with visual impairments to improve their functioning in daily life activities. May train patients in activities such as computer use, communication skills, or home management skills.

Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists

Low Vision Rehabilitation Therapists

Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician.

Medical Assistants

Assist in scientific studies by finding subjects for clinical trials, collecting and analyzing data, and evaluating the results.

Physician Assistants

Medical Research Assistants

Medical residents are physicians in training who have completed medical school and have a medical degree, but do not yet have a full license to practice medicine unsupervised.

Physicians, All Other

Medical Residents

Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance.

Midwives

Plan, organize, coordinate, or assess clinical and evidenced-based music therapy interventions to positively influence individuals' physical, psychological, cognitive, or behavioral status.

Music Therapists

Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases using a system of practice that is based on the natural healing capacity of individuals. May use physiological, psychological or mechanical methods. May also use natural medicines, prescription or legend drugs, foods, herbs, or other natural remedies.

Naturopathic Physicians

Establish a plan of care for kidney patients. Coordinate care with physicians treating other conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or anemia that contribute to or result from kidney disease.

Pediatricians, General

Nephrologists

Diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, with a primarily nonsurgical focus.

Neurologists

Prevent, diagnose, and treat conditions depending on their medical specialty.

Non-Surgical Specialised Doctors

Diagnose and treat diseases using radioactive materials and techniques. May monitor radionuclide preparation, administration, and disposition.

Radiologists

Nuclear Medicine Physicians

Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.

Nurse Anesthetists

Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education.

Nurse Midwives

Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team. May focus on health promotion and disease prevention. May order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as lab work and x rays. May prescribe medication. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.

Nurse Practitioners

Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants.

Nursing Assistants

Provide medical care related to pregnancy or childbirth. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of women, particularly those affecting the reproductive system. May also provide general care to women. May perform both medical and gynecological surgery functions.

Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Provide health services and programs to employees on company premises. Perform basic medical care functions and medical screening examinations, and provide emergency care and referrals. Assess workplace factors that can cause sickness and implement and administer healthcare programs that enhance employees' wellness through disease and accident prevention. Manage a medical recordkeeping system, including employee health records and medical leave of absence, and ensure confidentiality of this data.

Occupational Health Nurses

Diagnose and treat work-related illnesses and injuries and conduct fitness-for-duty physical examinations. Manage employee-oriented medical activities by conducting pre-employment physicals and check-ups, treating work-connected illnesses, and providing medical and surgical care in industrial accident or disease cases. May recommend medical and health policies to avoid injury and disease.