Planning, managing, and providing legal, public safety and protective services and homeland security, including professional and technical support services.

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers.

First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers

Correctional Officer Managers

Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.

Correctional Officers and Jailers

Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and employment stipulations.

Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists

Correction Services

Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.

Emergency Medical Technicians

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in firefighting and fire prevention and control.

First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers

Fire Fighting and Prevention Managers

Inspect buildings and equipment to detect fire hazards and enforce state and local regulations.

Fire Inspectors and Investigators

Fire Inspectors

Conduct investigations to determine causes of fires and explosions.

Fire Investigators

Control and extinguish fires or respond to emergency situations where life, property, or the environment is at risk. Duties may include fire prevention, emergency medical service, hazardous material response, search and rescue, and disaster assistance.

Firefighters

Enforce fire regulations, inspect forest for fire hazards, and recommend forest fire prevention or control measures. May report forest fires and weather conditions.

Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists

Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or injured individuals.

Paramedics

Operate telephone, radio, or other communication systems to receive and communicate requests for emergency assistance at 9-1-1 public safety answering points and emergency operations centers. Take information from the public and other sources regarding crimes, threats, disturbances, acts of terrorism, fires, medical emergencies, and other public safety matters. May coordinate and provide information to law enforcement and emergency response personnel. May access sensitive databases and other information sources as needed. May provide additional instructions to callers based on knowledge of and certification in law enforcement, fire, or emergency medical procedures.

Public Safety Telecommunicators

Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers

Emergency and Fire Management Services

Handle animals for the purpose of investigations of mistreatment, or control of abandoned, dangerous, or unattended animals.

Animal Control Workers

Conduct a range of enforcement activities, including environmental, anti-social behavior, highway, and parking enforcement. Assist in technical investigations and prepare reports and written findings for further action by others including law enforcement.

Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers

Civil Enforcement Officers

Investigate alleged or suspected criminal violations of Federal, state, or local laws to determine if evidence is sufficient to recommend prosecution.

Detectives and Criminal Investigators

Criminal Investigators and Special Agents

Patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations. Investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife. Compile biological data.

Fish and Game Wardens

Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry.

Forensic Science Technicians

Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from a country or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations.

Customs and Border Protection Officers

Immigration and Customs Inspectors

Gather, analyze, or evaluate information from a variety of sources, such as law enforcement databases, surveillance, intelligence networks or geographic information systems. Use intelligence data to anticipate and prevent organized crime activities, such as terrorism.

Intelligence Analysts

Patrol assigned area, such as public parking lot or city streets to issue tickets to overtime parking violators and illegally parked vehicles.

Parking Enforcement Workers

Conduct investigations to prevent crimes or solve criminal cases.

Police Detectives

Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fingerprints, and photograph evidence for use in criminal and civil cases.

Police Identification and Records Officers

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.

First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives

Police Managers

Patrol assigned area to enforce laws and ordinances, regulate traffic, control crowds, prevent crime, and arrest violators.

Police Patrol Officers

Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment.

Private Detectives and Investigators

Enforce law and order in rural or unincorporated districts or serve legal processes of courts. May patrol courthouse, guard court or grand jury, or escort defendants.

Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs

Protect and police railroad and transit property, employees, or passengers.

Transit and Railroad Police

Law Enforcement Services

Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.

Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers

Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of parties involved.

Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators

Supervise the progress of criminal and civil cases from the point of opening to closing. Review the case files and case progression to ensure proceedings occur compliant with legislation. Ensure the proceedings occur in a timely manner and that everything has been concluded before closing cases.

Legal Support Workers, All Other

Case Administrators, Legal

Support the effectiveness of the organization's board by monitoring policies and procedures and ensuring they are followed, and coordinating the timely completion and despatch of the board's agenda and briefing material.

Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

Company Secretaries

Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.

Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners

Court Reporters

Interpret the foreign policy of their homeland to government officials of their host country while fostering friendly political and commercial relationships. Develop periodic reports regarding political activities, market conditions, and public opinion.

Foreign Policy Managers

Advise on social interaction between parties of different cultures, or organizations on international interactions to optimize their performance, and facilitiate cooperation and positive interaction with organizations and individuals from other cultures.

Intercultural Mediation Consultants

Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.

Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates

Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.

Judicial Law Clerks

Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law.

Lawyers

Provide advice to various clients including businesses, individuals, and legal firms. Provide legal advice outside courtrooms and advise in matters such as mergers, housing purchases, and modification of contracts. Assist clients to abide by the regulations and avoid committing illegal acts.

Legal Consultants

Understand the strategy and objectives of the business and communicate the risks and legal issues involved in any decision to management, enabling informed strategic choices to be made within an acceptable legal risk profile.

Legal Counsels

Research, analyze, develop, and administer policies related to the legal sector and implement these policies to improve the existing regulations around the sector. Collaborate with partners, external organizations, or other stakeholders and provide them with regular updates.

Legal Policy Officers

Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.

Legal Secretaries

Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.

Paralegals and Legal Assistants

Conduct due diligence reviews on the issuer of the securities, draft the prospectus and other disclosure documents describing the issuer and its securities to the potential investors. Negotiate agreements between the issuer and its advisers and navigate the transaction through regulatory hurdles.

Specialist Lawyers - Capital Markets

Work with businesses to settle a variety of disputes, such as those concerning partnerships and shareholders, sales of merchandise, and licensing. Disputes may be settled in or out of court. Investigate the details of the case including taking depositions, interviewing witnesses, reviewing documents and writing briefs.

Specialist Lawyers - Commercial Litigation

Provide practical advice on mergers, cartels and exclusive dealing with knowledge of relevant competition and antitrust laws. Manage investigations and inquiries related to competition and regulatory issues and help develop the legal position or strategy on these regulatory areas.

Specialist Lawyers - Competition

Ensure a company's transactions comply with corporate laws and regulations. Advise corporations on their legal rights and duties.

Specialist Lawyers - Corporate

Defend individuals and companies accused of or charged with criminal activity.

Specialist Lawyers - Criminal

Help resolve legal issues between employers and their employees. Handle matters across the employment law spectrum, including drafting and advising on employment agreements contracts; enterprise bargaining agreements; unfair dismissal proceedings and unlawful terminations. Manage occupational health, safety and risk matters, including providing advice in relation to health, safety and security incidents.

Specialist Lawyers - Employment and Safety

Provide practical and strategic advice on development, compliance, planning appeals, contamination and compulsory acquisitions to a diverse group of public and private sector clients. Leverage their understanding of environmental regulations to advise clients on a range of issues, from acquiring licenses and permits for business or building projects to meeting environmental due diligence requirements.

Specialist Lawyers - Environment and Planning

Handle banking, investment and contract legal matters. Help clients abide by the intricate legal and regulatory frameworks that govern transactions in both the domestic and global economy. Draft and negotiate contracts that set out the terms of various financial arrangement,  oversee compliance issues and the management of financial liabilities.

Specialist Lawyers - Finance

Handle legal matters related to insurance laws and insurance regulations including disputes arising from the sale, use, and payment of insurance policies. Work with either the customer or the insurer, investigate claims and policies to determine whether the insurance company is within its rights of the law in denying the claim.

Specialist Lawyers - Insurance

Specialists in intellectual property, trademarks, design rights, copyright laws and patents. Represent creators or companies in the patent application process, assist with patent infringement and act as litigators to protect their client's rights to an invention.

Specialist Lawyers - Intellectual Property

Advise on complex building, construction and infrastructure projects. Draft, negotiate and review various commercial contracts, identifying and mitigating risk. Manage the legal issues that can arise in relation to defects, delays, variations and payment issues.

Specialist Lawyers - Projects

Act on the behalf of, and give legal advice to, government ministers and agencies. Provide legal advice to support the delivery of complex public infrastructure projects, procurements, major privatisations and government asset sales. Assist with governmental inquiries, disciplinary proceedings involving public bodies and statutory appeals.

Specialist Lawyers - Public Sector

Review, prepare or negotiate terms and conditions of real estate transactions. Handle purchase agreements, mortgage contracts, or title or deed transfer documents. May represent buyers or sellers in court.

Specialist Lawyers - Real Estate

Specialised in insolvency law. Administrate, advise on or negotiate voluntary arrangements, debt restructuring, repayment schedules and issues arising from corporate insolvency. May act for debtors in financial distress or their creditors.

Specialist Lawyers - Restructuring and Insolvency

Assist clients to navigate the complexities of various tax codes. Specialists in international, federal and municipal rules and policies pertaining to tax liability and the process of taxation. Monitor legislative developments and provide advice with respect to the impact of tax legislation on businesses and individuals.

Specialist Lawyers - Tax

Work to support the legal requirements of technology companies throughout their company lifecycle from start-ups, through to emerging growth and established multinationals. Anticipate legislative and regulatory changes ensuring legal interests are protected. May have specialized knowledge in areas such as patent licensing, technology financing or outsourcing.

Specialist Lawyers - Technology

Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.

Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

Legal Services

Bailiffs

Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites.

Crossing Guards and Flaggers

Crossing Guards

Observe gambling operation for irregular activities such as cheating or theft by either employees or patrons. Investigate potential threats to gambling assets such as money, chips, and gambling equipment. Act as oversight and security agent for management and customers.

Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators

Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators

Monitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches, or ski slopes, to provide assistance and protection to participants.

Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers

Implement procedures and systems to prevent merchandise loss. Conduct audits and investigations of employee activity. May assist in developing policies, procedures, and systems for safeguarding assets.

Retail Loss Prevention Specialists

Maintain order among students on a school bus. Duties include helping students safely board and exit and communicating behavioral problems. May perform pretrip and posttrip inspections and prepare for and assist in emergency evacuations.

School Bus Monitors

Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment.

Security Guards

Security & Protective Services

About 5 million workers are employed in the law, public safety, corrections, and security cluster.

Employment numbers

Over 30,000 new law school graduates pass the bar exam each year, emerging into a job market of more than 1.3 million lawyers. Most specialize in a particular branch of law.

Law graduates

Crime and other public safety hazards continuously present new, significant digital challenges, requiring innovative and sophisticated technology and cybersecurity measures to address them.

Public safety

Over 2.3 million individuals are incarcerated in the U.S. annually, with an additional 4 million on parole or probation.