Chapter 1 Preliminaries
1.1 Reasons for Studying Concepts of Programming Languages
1.2 Programming Domains
1.3 Language Evaluation Criteria
1.4 Influences on Language Design
1.5 Language Categories
1.6 Language Design Trade-Offs
1.7 Implementation Methods
1.8 Programming Environments
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set
Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages
2.1 Zuse’s Plankalkül
2.2 Pseudocodes
2.3 The IBM 704 and Fortran
2.4 Functional Programming: Lisp
2.5 The First Step Toward Sophistication: ALGOL 60
2.6 Computerizing Business Records: COBOL
2.7 The Beginnings of Timesharing: BasicInterview: Alan Cooper—User Design and Language Design
2.8 Everything for Everybody: PL/I
2.9 Two Early Dynamic Languages: APL and SNOBOL
2.10 The Beginnings of Data Abstraction: SIMULA 67
2.11 Orthogonal Design: ALGOL 68
2.12 Some Early Descendants of the ALGOLs
2.13 Programming Based on Logic: Prolog
2.14 History’s Largest Design Effort: Ada
2.15 Object-Oriented Programming: Smalltalk
2.16 Combining Imperative and Object-Oriented Features: C++
2.17 An Imperative-Based Object-Oriented Language: Java
2.18 Scripting Languages
2.19 The Flagship .NET Language: C#
2.20 Markup-Programming Hybrid Languages
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 3 Describing Syntax and Semantics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The General Problem of Describing Syntax
3.3 Formal Methods of Describing Syntax
3.4 Attribute Grammars
History Note
3.5 Describing the Meanings of Programs: Dynamic Semantics
History Note
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set
Chapter 4 Lexical and Syntax Analysis 161
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Lexical Analysis
4.3 The Parsing Problem
4.4 Recursive-Descent Parsing
4.5 Bottom-Up Parsing
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 5 Names, Bindings, and Scopes 197
5.1 Introduction
5.2 NamesHistory Note
5.3 Variables
5.4 The Concept of Binding
5.5 Scope
5.6 Scope and Lifetime
5.7 Referencing Environments
5.8 Named Constants
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 6 Data Types
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Primitive Data Types
6.3 Character String TypesHistory Note
6.4 Enumeration Types
6.5 Array TypesHistory NoteHistory Note
6.6 Associative ArraysInterview: ROBERTO IERUSALIMSCHY—Lua
6.7 Record Types
6.8 Tuple Types
6.9 List Types
6.10 Union Types
6.11 Pointer and Reference TypesHistory Note
6.12 Type Checking
6.13 Strong Typing
6.14 Type Equivalence
6.15 Theory and Data Types
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 7 Expressions and Assignment Statements 301
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Arithmetic Expressions
7.3 Overloaded Operators
7.4 Type ConversionsHistory Note
7.5 Relational and Boolean ExpressionsHistory Note
7.6 Short-Circuit Evaluation
7.7 Assignment StatementsHistory Note
7.8 Mixed-Mode Assignment
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 8 Statement-Level Control Structures
8.1 Introduction8.2 Selection Statements
8.3 Iterative Statements
8.4 Unconditional BranchingHistory Note
8.5 Guarded Commands8.6 Conclusions
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 9 Subprograms
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of Subprograms
9.3 Design Issues for Subprograms
9.4 Local Referencing Environments
9.5 Parameter-Passing MethodsHistory Note
9.6 Parameters That Are SubprogramsHistory Note
9.7 Calling Subprograms Indirectly
9.8 Design Issues for Functions
9.9 Overloaded Subprograms
9.10 Generic Subprograms
9.11 User-Defined Overloaded Operators
9.12 Closures
9.13 Coroutines
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 10 Implementing Subprograms
10.1 The General Semantics of Calls and Returns
10.2 Implementing “Simple” Subprograms
10.3 Implementing Subprograms with Stack-Dynamic Local Variables
10.4 Nested Subprograms
10.5 Blocks
10.6 Implementing Dynamic Scoping
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 11 Abstract Data Types and Encapsulation Constructs
11.1 The Concept of Abstraction
11.2 Introduction to Data Abstraction
11.3 Design Issues for Abstract Data Types
11.4 Language ExamplesInterview: bjarne stroustrup—C++: Its Birth, Its Ubiquitousness, and Common Criticisms
11.5 Parameterized Abstract Data Types11.6 Encapsulation Constructs11.7 Naming Encapsulations
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 12 Support for Object-Oriented Programming
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Object-Oriented Programming
12.3 Design Issues for Object-Oriented Languages
12.4 Support for Object-Oriented Programming in Specific LanguagesInterview: BJARNE STROUSTRUP—On Paradigms and Better Programming
12.5 Implementation of Object-Oriented Constructs
12.6 Reflection
Summary • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 13 Concurrency
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Introduction to Subprogram-Level Concurrency
13.3 Semaphores
13.4 Monitors
13.5 Message Passing
13.6 Ada Support for Concurrency
13.7 Java Threads
13.8 C# Threads
13.9 Concurrency in Functional Languages
13.10 Statement-Level Concurrency
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 14 Exception Handling and Event Handling
14.1 Introduction to Exception HandlingHistory Note
14.2 Exception Handling in C++
14.3 Exception Handling in Java
14.4 Exception Handling in Python and Ruby
14.5 Introduction to Event Handling
14.6 Event Handling with Java
14.7 Event Handling in C#
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming Exercises
Chapter 15 Functional Programming Languages
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Mathematical Functions
15.3 Fundamentals of Functional Programming Languages
15.4 The First Functional Programming Language: Lisp
15.5 An Introduction to Scheme
15.6 Common Lisp
15.7 ML15.8 Haskell
15.9 F#
15.10 Support for Functional Programming in Primarily Imperative Languages
15.11 A Comparison of Functional and Imperative Languages
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set •Programming Exercises
Chapter 16 Logic Programming Languages
16.1 Introduction
16.2 A Brief Introduction to Predicate Calculus
16.3 Predicate Calculus and Proving Theorems
16.4 An Overview of Logic Programming
16.5 The Origins of Prolog
16.6 The Basic Elements of Prolog
16.7 Deficiencies of Prolog
16.8 Applications of Logic Programming
Summary • Bibliographic Notes • Review Questions • Problem Set • Programming
Exercises
Bibliography
Index
