Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties, Updated Edition, 6th edition

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction to Literacy Difficulties
2. Factors Involved in Reading and Writing Difficulties
3. Overview of Assessment
4. Placing Students and Monitoring Progress
5. Assessment of Reading and Writing Processes
6. Assessment of Cognitive, School, and Home Factors
7. Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs
8. Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Fluency
9. Syllabic, Morphemic, and Contextual Analysis and Dictionary Strategies
10. Building Vocabulary
11. Building Comprehension
12. Reading to Learn and Remember in the Content Areas
13. Building Writing Strategies
14. Tier II and III Programs for Students of All Ages
15. Organization of Intervention and Corrective Programs
Appendix A: Informal Assessment Measures
Appendix B: Sample Assessment Report
Glossary
References
Index

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction to Literacy Difficulties
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Nature of Reading Difficulties. The Nature of Intervention and Corrective Instruction. Principles of Intervention and Corrective Instruction. Impact of Federal Legislation and Standards. Summary. Application Activities.
2. Factors Involved in Reading and Writing Difficulties
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Interacting Factors in Reading and Writing Difficulty. Cognitive Factors. Language Factors. Affective Factors. Physical Causes. Social, Cultural, Economic, and Educational Factors. Summary. Application Activities.
3. Overview of Assessment
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Principles of Effective Assessment. Tests. Assessing for Learning. Evaluating Assessment Devices. High-Stakes Tests. Assessing English Language Learners. Summary. Application Activities.
4. Placing Students and Monitoring Progress
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. The Informal Reading Inventory. Reaching the Frustration Level. Establishing Listening Capacity. Running Records. Planning Instruction Based on IRI, Miscue Analysis, or Running Record Results. IRI-Based Tests. Screening, Monitoring Progress, and Benchmarking. Summary. Application Activities.
5. Assessment of Reading and Writing Processes
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Reading Processes: Decoding. Reading Processes: Comprehension and Study Skills. Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge. Assessing Writing. Spelling and Handwriting. Summary. Application Activities.
6. Assessment of Cognitive, School, and Home Factors
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Assessment of Capacity. Tests of Listening, Language, Memory, Associative Learning, and Word Finding. Assessing the Instructional Situation. Case History. Summarizing, Organizing, Interpreting, and Reporting Assessment Data. Mini - Case Study. Summary. Application Activities.
7. Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs. Using Read-Alouds and Writing to Develop Emergent Literacy. Phonological Processes and Reading. Letter Knowledge. Mini - Case Study. Prekindergarten Prevention Programs. Summary. Application Activities.
8. Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Fluency
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Phonics and the Struggling Reader. Teaching Consonants. Teaching Vowels. Mini - Case Study. Word-Analysis Strategies. Mini - Case Study. High-Frequency Words. Fostering Fluency. Mini - Case Study. Summary. Application Activities.
9. Syllabic, Morphemic, and Contextual Analysis and Dictionary Strategies
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Syllabic Analysis. Morphemic Analysis. Contextual Analysis. Using the Dictionary. Balanced Use of Strategies. Mini - Case Study. Summary. Application Activities.
10. Building Vocabulary
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. The Nature of Vocabulary Instruction for Underachieving Readers. Principles of Vocabulary Instruction. Teaching Words. Teaching Vocabulary to English Learners. A Full Program of Vocabulary Development. Mini - Case Study. Summary. Application Activities.
11. Building Comprehension
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Theories of Comprehension. Comprehension Strategies. Beyond Strategies. Importance of Background Knowledge, Reasoning and Talk. Lessons and Teaching Techniques that Foster Comprehension. Mini - Case Study. Summary. Application Activities.
12. Reading to Learn and Remember in the Content Areas
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. The Challenge of Content-Area Instruction. Framework for Teaching Content-Area Reading. Using Text Structure. Instructional Techniques for Fostering Learning From Text. Textbooks in the Content Areas. Teaching Literature to Struggling Readers. Reading to Learn and Remember. Mini - Case Study. Summary. Application Activities.
13. Building Writing Strategies
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Struggling Writers and the Nature of Writing. Writing Workshop. Composing Narrative, Explanatory/Informational, and Persuasive Texts. Writing Programs for Low-Achieving Readers and Writers. Mini - Case Study. Spelling and Handwriting. Summary. Application Activities.
14. Tier II and III Programs for Students of All Ages
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. Approaches to Intervention. Intervention Programs. The Need for Specialized Techniques. Working with English Learners. Summary. Application Activities.
15. Organization of Intervention and Corrective Programs
Using What You Know. Anticipation Guide. The Changing Face of Intervention. Components of an Effective Intervention Program. Matching Students with Materials. Technology for the Reading/Writing Program. Summary. Application Activities.
Appendix A: Informal Assessment Measures
Appendix B: Sample Assessment Report
Glossary
References
Index