Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 5th edition

1. Introduction
   • 1.1 Introduction
   • 1.2 Types of Material Failure
   • 1.3 Design and Materials Selection
   • 1.4 Technological Challenge
   • 1.5 Economic Importance of Fracture
   • 1.6 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
2. Structure, Defects, and Deformation in Materials
   • 2.1 Introduction
   • 2.2 Bonding in Solids
   • 2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials
   • 2.4 Defects in Materials
   • 2.5 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength
   • 2.6 Inelastic Deformation
   • 2.7 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
3. Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Stress–Strain Mechanisms
   • 3.1 Introduction
   • 3.2 Introduction to Tension Test
   • 3.3 Engineering Stress–Strain Properties
   • 3.4 Materials Science Description of Tensile Behavior
   • 3.5 Trends in Tensile Behavior
   • 3.6 True Stress–Strain Interpretation of Tension Test
   • 3.7 Materials Selection for Engineering Components
   • 3.8 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
4. Mechanical Testing: Additional Basic Tests
   • 4.1 Introduction
   • 4.2 Compression Test
   • 4.3 Hardness Tests
   • 4.4 Notch-Impact Tests
   • 4.5 Bending and Torsion Tests
   • 4.6 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
5. Stress–Strain Relationships and Behavior
   • 5.1 Introduction
   • 5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior
   • 5.3 Elastic Deformation
   • 5.4 Anisotropic Materials
   • 5.5 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
6. Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain
   • 6.1 Introduction
   • 6.2 Plane Stress
   • 6.3 Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress
   • 6.4 Three-Dimensional States of Stress
   • 6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes
   • 6.6 Complex States of Strain
   • 6.7 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
7. Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses
   • 7.1 Introduction
   • 7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria
   • 7.3 Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion
   • 7.4 Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion
   • 7.5 Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion
   • 7.6 Discussion of the Basic Failure Criteria
   • 7.7 Coulomb–Mohr Fracture Criterion
   • 7.8 Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion
   • 7.9 Additional Comments on Failure Criteria
   • 7.10 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
8. Fracture of Cracked Members
   • 8.1 Introduction
   • 8.2 Preliminary Discussion
   • 8.3 Mathematical Concepts
   • 8.4 Application of K to Design and Analysis
   • 8.5 Additional Topics on Application of K
   • 8.6 Fracture Toughness Values and Trends
   • 8.7 Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM
   • 8.8 Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing
   • 8.9 Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity
   • 8.10 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
9. Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-Based Approach
   • 9.1 Introduction
   • 9.2 Definitions and Concepts
   • 9.3 Sources of Cyclic Loading
   • 9.4 Fatigue Testing
   • 9.5 The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage
   • 9.6 Trends in S-N Curves
   • 9.7 Mean Stresses
   • 9.8 Multiaxial Stresses
   • 9.9 Variable Amplitude Loading
   • 9.10 Summary
   • References
   • Problems and Questions
10. Stress-Based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Notch Effects
    • 10.3 Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of kf
    • 10.4 Estimating Long-Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits)
    • 10.5 Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives
    • 10.6 Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress
    • 10.7 Estimating S-N Curves
    • 10.8 Use of Component S-N Data
    • 10.9 Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure
    • 10.10 Discussion
    • 10.11 Summary
    • References
    • Problems and Questions
11. Fatigue Crack Growth
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Preliminary Discussion
    • 11.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing
    • 11.4 Effects of R = Smin/Smax on Fatigue Crack Growth
    • 11.5 Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior
    • 11.6 Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading
    • 11.7 Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading
    • 11.8 Design Considerations
    • 11.9 Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack Growth
    • 11.10 Summary
    • References
    • Problems and Questions
12. Environmentally Assisted Cracking
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 Definitions, Concepts, and Analysis
    • 12.3 EAC in Metals: Basic Mechanisms
    • 12.4 Hydrogen-Induced Embrittlement
    • 12.5 Liquid Metal Embrittlement
    • 12.6 EAC of Polymers
    • 12.7 EAC of Glasses and Ceramics
    • 12.8 Additional Comments and Preventative Measures
    • References
    • Problems and Questions
13. Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 Stress–Strain Curves
    • 13.3 Three-Dimensional Stress–Strain Relationships
    • 13.4 Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological Models
    • 13.5 Cyclic Stress–Strain Behavior of Real Materials
    • 13.6 Summary
    • References
    • Problems and Questions
14. Stress–Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members
    • 14.1 Introduction
    • 14.2 Plasticity in Bending
    • 14.3 Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending
    • 14.4 Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion
    • 14.5 Notched Members
    • 14.6 Cyclic Loading
    • 14.7 Summary
    • References
    • Problems and Questions
15. Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue
    • 15.1 Introduction
    • 15.2 Strain Versus Life Curves
    • 15.3 Mean Stress Effects
    • 15.4 Multiaxial Stress Effects
    • 15.5 Life Estimates for Structural Components
    • 15.6 Additional Discussion
    • 15.7 Summary
    • References
    • Problems and Questions
16. Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping
    • 16.1 Introduction
    • 16.2 Creep Testing
    • 16.3 Physical Mechanisms of Creep
    • 16.4 Time–Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates
    • 16.5 Creep Failure under Varying Stress
    • 16.6 Stress–Strain–Time Relationships
    • 16.7 Creep Deformation under Varying Stress
    • 16.8 Creep Deformation under Multiaxial Stress
    • 16.9 Component Stress–Strain Analysis
    • 16.10 Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials
    • 16.11 Summary
    • References
    • Problems and Questions

Appendix A Review of Selected Topics from Mechanics of Materials

• A.1 Introduction
• A.2 Basic Formulas for Stresses and Deflections
• A.3 Properties of Areas
• A.4 Shears, Moments, and Deflections in Beams
• A.5 Stresses in Pressure Vessels, Tubes, and Discs
• A.6 Elastic Stress Concentration Factors for Notches
• A.7 Fully Plastic Yielding Loads
• References

Appendix B Statistical Variation in Materials Properties

• B.1 Introduction
• B.2 Mean and Standard Deviation
• B.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution
• B.4 Typical Variation in Materials Properties
• B.5 One-Sided Tolerance Limits
• B.6 Discussion
• References

Appendix C A Survey of Engineering Materials

• C.1 Introduction
• C.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals
• C.3 Irons and Steels
• C.4 Nonferrous Metals
• C.5 Polymers
• C.6 Ceramics and Glasses
• C.7 Composite Materials
• C.8 Summary