Little, Brown Handbook, The, 14th edition

H Ramsey Fowler
, Jane E. Aaron
, Michael Greer

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The Little, Brown Handbook will serve you well as the platinum standard of handbooks, unmatched in accuracy, currency and reliability. It's an essential reference tool designed to help you find the answers you need quickly and easily. While keeping pace with rapid changes in writing and its teaching, this meticulous handbook offers you comprehensive research and documentation with grammar coverage that is second to none.

The 14th Edition includes over 90 new student samples, new learning objectives, updates to MLA and Chicago style, a new chapter on writing about literature and more. Incorporating detailed discussions of critical reading, media literacy, academic writing, and argument, The Little, Brown Handbook is an accurate, reliable and accessible resource for writers of varying experience levels and in a variety of fields.

ISBN-13: 9780137541485

Subject: Composition

Category: Handbooks

I: The Process of Writing

Assessing the Writing Situation
- 1.1 How Writing Happens
- 1.2 The Writing Situation
- 1.3 Audience
- 1.4 Purpose
- 1.5 Subject
- 1.6 Genre and Medium
Discovering and Shaping Ideas
- 2.1 Invention
- 2.2 Thesis
- 2.3 Organization
  - Sample Informative Essay
Drafting, Revising, and Editing
- 3.1 First Draft
  - Sample First Draft
- 3.2 Revising
- 3.3 Peer Review
- 3.4 Sample Revision
  - Sample Revised Draft
- 3.5 Editing
- 3.6 Final Draft
  - Sample Final Draft
Writing and Revising Paragraphs
- 4.1 Flow
- 4.2 Unity
- 4.3 Coherence
- 4.4 Development
- 4.5 Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions
Presenting Writing
- 5.1 Academic Writing
- 5.2 Visuals and Media
- 5.3 Writing Online
  - Sample Literacy Narrative Blog Post
- 5.4 Oral Presentations
  - Sample Presentation Slides
- 5.5 Portfolios

II: Reading and Writing in and out of College

Writing in Academic Situations
- 6.1 Purpose and Audience
- 6.2 Genre
- 6.3 Writing with Sources
- 6.4 Academic Language
- 6.5 Communication in Academic Settings
Critical Reading and Writing
- 7.1 Critical Thinking
- 7.2 Techniques of Critical Reading
- 7.3 Summarizing
- 7.4 Critical Response
- 7.5 Visual Analysis
- 7.6 Writing a Critical Analysis
- 7.7 Sample Critical Responses
  - Sample Critical Analysis of a Text
  - Sample Critical Analysis of a Visual
Reading Arguments Critically
- 8.1 The Elements of Argument
- 8.2 Claims
- 8.3 Evidence
- 8.4 Reliability
- 8.5 Assumptions
- 8.6 Language and Tone
- 8.7 Fallacies
- 8.8 Visual Arguments
Writing an Argument
- 9.1 Subject
- 9.2 Thesis, Purpose, and Audience
- 9.3 Reasoning
- 9.4 Evidence
- 9.5 Engaging Readers
- 9.6 Organizing and Revising
- 9.7 Sample Argument
  - Sample Proposal Argument
Taking Essay Exams
- 10.1 Preparing
- 10.2 Planning
- 10.3 Writing
  - Sample Essay Exam Answer
Public Writing
- 11.1 Social Media
- 11.2 Letters and Memos
  - Sample Business Letter
  - Sample Memo
- 11.3 Job Applications
  - Sample Job Application Letter
  - Sample Résumés
- 11.4 Reports and Proposals
  - Sample Report and Proposal
- 11.5 Community Service
  - Sample Social-Media Post

III: Grammatical Sentences

Understanding Sentence Grammar
- 12.1 Sentence Basics
- 12.2 Sentence Patterns
- 12.3 Single-Word Modifiers
- 12.4 Word Groups
- 12.5 Compound Constructions
- 12.6 Inverted Order
- 12.7 Sentence Types
Case of Nouns and Pronouns
- 13.1 Subjective, Objective, and Possessive Cases
- 13.2 Compound Subjects and Objects
- 13.3 Common Questions about Case
Verbs
- 14.1 Verb Forms
- 14.2 Easily Confused Verb Forms
- 14.3 Verb Endings
- 14.4 Helping Verbs
- 14.5 Verbs with Gerunds and Infinitives
- 14.6 Verbs with Particles
- 14.7 Verb Tenses
- 14.8 Sequence of Tenses
- 14.9 Subjunctive Mood
- 14.10 Active and Passive Voice
Agreement
- 15.1 Subject-Verb Agreement
- 15.2 Unusual Word Order
- 15.3 Subjects Joined by Conjunctions
- 15.4 Indefinite and Relative Pronouns
- 15.5 Collective and Plural Nouns
- 15.6 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Adjectives and Adverbs
- 16.1 Functions of Adjectives and Adverbs
- 16.2 Comparative and Superlative Forms
- 16.3 Double Negatives
- 16.4 Nouns as Modifiers
- 16.5 Determiners

IV: Clear Sentences

Sentence Fragments
- 17.1 Identifying Fragments
- 17.2 Correcting Fragments
- 17.3 Common Types of Fragments
- 17.4 Acceptable Fragments
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
- 18.1 Identifying Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
- 18.2 Correcting Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
Pronoun Reference
- 19.1 Clear Reference
- 19.2 Close Reference
- 19.3 Specific Reference
- 19.4 Appropriate You, Who, Which, and That
Shifts
- 20.1 Types of Shifts
- 20.2 Person and Number
- 20.3 Tense and Mood
- 20.4 Subject and Voice
- 20.5 Direct and Indirect Quotations and Questions
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
- 21.1 Clear Placement
- 21.2 Limiting Modifiers
- 21.3 Squinting Modifiers
- 21.4 Separated Subjects, Verbs, and Objects
- 21.5 Separated Infinitives and Verb Phrases
- 21.6 Position of Adverbs
- 21.7 Order of Adjectives
- 21.8 Dangling Modifiers
Mixed and Incomplete Sentences
- 22.1 Mixed Grammar
- 22.2 Mixed Meaning
- 22.3 Incomplete Compounds
- 22.4 Incomplete Comparisons
- 22.5 Careless Omissions

V: Effective Sentences

Emphasizing Ideas
- 23.1 Subjects and Verbs
- 23.2 Subject Beginnings and Endings
- 23.3 Parallel Elements
- 23.4 Repetition and Separation
- 23.5 Conciseness
Using Coordination and Subordination
- 24.1 Coordination
- 24.2 Subordination
- 24.3 Connecting Words
Using Parallelism
- 25.1 Understanding Parallelism
- 25.2 Equal Elements
- 25.3 Coherence
Achieving Variety
- 26.1 Sentence Length and Structure
- 26.2 Sentence Beginnings
- 26.3 Word Order

VI: Punctuation

Chart: Commas, Semicolons, Colons, Dashes, and Parentheses

End Punctuation
- 27.1 Period
- 27.2 Question Mark
- 27.3 Exclamation Point
The Comma
- 28.1 Uses of the Comma
- 28.2 Main Clauses Linked by Conjunctions
- 28.3 Introductory Elements
- 28.4 Nonessential Elements
- 28.5 Series and Coordinate Adjectives
- 28.6 Quotations and Other Conventional Uses
- 28.7 Unnecessary Commas
The Semicolon
- 29.1 Main Clauses without Coordinating Conjunctions
- 29.2 Main Clauses with Transitional Words
- 29.3 Main Clauses That Are Long or Contain Commas
- 29.4 Items in a Series
- 29.5 Unnecessary Semicolons
The Apostrophe
- 30.1 Possession
- 30.2 Contractions and Abbreviations
- 31 Quotation Marks
- 31.1 Direct Quotations
- 31.2 Titles of Works
- 31.3 Words Used in a Special Sense
- 31.4 With Other Punctuation
Other Punctuation Marks
- 32.1 Colon
- 32.2 Dash
- 32.3 Parentheses
- 32.4 Brackets
- 32.5 Ellipsis Mark
- 32.6 Slash

VII: Mechanics

Capitals
- 33.1 Conventions
- 33.2 First Word of Sentence
- 33.3 Titles and Subtitles
- 33.4 Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives
Italics or Underlining
- 34.1 Titles of Works
- 34.2 Foreign Words and for Emphasis
Abbreviations
- 35.1 Abbreviations in Nontechnical Writing
- 35.2 Misuses of Abbreviations
Numbers
- 36.1 Numerals and Words
- 36.2 Dates and Addresses

VIII: Effective Words

Using Appropriate Language
- 37.1 Standard English
- 37.2 Texting and Electronic Shortcuts
- 37.3 Slang, Colloquialisms, Regionalisms, and Jargon
- 37.4 Indirect or Pretentious Writing
- 37.5 Sexist and Biased Language
Using Exact Language
- 38.1 Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Spelling Checker
- 38.2 Denotation and Connotation
- 38.3 Abstract and Concrete Words
- 38.4 Idioms
- 38.5 Figurative Language
- 38.6 Trite Expressions
Writing Concisely
- 39.1 Achieving Conciseness
- 39.2 Subjects and Verbs
- 39.3 Empty Words and Phrases
- 39.4 Unnecessary Repetition
- 39.5 Other Strategies
Spelling and the Hyphen
- 40.1 Common Spelling Problems
- 40.2 Spelling Rules
- 40.3 Spelling Skills
- 40.4 Hyphenating Words

IX: Research Writing

Planning a Research Project
- 41.1 The Process of Research Writing
- 41.2 Research Questions
- 41.3 Research Strategies
- 41.4 Working Bibliographies
  - Sample Annotated Bibliography Entry
Finding Sources
- 42.1 Search Strategies
- 42.2 Reference Works
- 42.3 Books and Periodicals
- 42.4 Web Search Strategies
- 42.5 Social Media
- 42.6 Government Publications
- 42.7 Visuals and Media
- 42.8 Primary Research
Working with Sources
- 43.1 Interacting with Sources
  - Sample Annotated Source
- 43.2 Evaluating Sources
- 43.3 Synthesizing Sources
- 43.4 Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation
- 43.5 Integrating Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
- 44.1 Defining Plagiarism
- 44.2 Information You Do Not Need to Cite
- 44.3 Information You Must Cite
- 44.4 Documenting Sources
- 44.5 Copyright and Permissions
Writing the Paper
- 45.1 Developing a Thesis
- 45.2 Organizing Your Ideas
- 45.3 Drafting a Research Paper
- 45.4 Revising and Editing
- 45.5 Preparing a Final Draft
Using MLA Documentation and Format
- 46.1 In-text Citations
- 46.2 List of Works Cited
- 46.3 MLA Paper Format
Two Research Papers in MLA Style
- 47.1 Sample Research Paper in MLA Style
  - “The Dream of Sustainable Agriculture”
- 47.2 Sample Literary Research Paper in MLA Style
  - “Intersecting Race and Gender in Angelia Weld Grimké’s Rachel”

X: Writing in the Academic Disciplines

Reading and Writing about Literature
- 48.1 The Methods of Literary Analysis
- 48.2 Writing Assignments in Literature
- 48.3 The Tools and Language of Literary Analysis
- 48.4 Citing Sources When Writing about Literature
- 48.5 Writing a Literary Analysis
  - Sample Literary Analysis
Writing in Other Humanities
- 49.1 Methods and Evidence
- 49.2 Common Writing Assignments
- 49.3 Tools and Language
- 49.4 Documenting Sources
- 49.5 Paper Format
Writing in the Social Sciences
- 50.1 Common Genres in the Social Sciences
- 50.2 Research Conventions in the Social Sciences
- 50.3 In-text Citations in APA Style
- 50.4 References in APA Style
- 50.5 Research Paper Format in APA Style
- 50.6 Sample Research Paper in APA Style
  - “Perceptions of Mental Illness on College Campuses”
Writing in the Natural and Applied Sciences
- 51.1 Methods and Evidence
- 51.2 Common Writing Assignments
- 51.3 Tools and Language
- 51.4 CSE Style
- 51.5 Paper Format
- 51.6 Sample Paper
  - “Caterpillar Defense Mechanisms”