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Polyprotic Titrations definitions

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  • Polyprotic Acid
    A substance capable of donating more than one proton, leading to multiple equivalence points during titration.
  • Equivalence Point
    The stage in titration where stoichiometrically equal amounts of acid and base have reacted, resulting in complete neutralization.
  • Phosphoric Acid
    A triprotic compound with three dissociation steps, each with a distinct acid dissociation constant.
  • Dihydrogen Phosphate
    The intermediate anion formed after the first proton is removed from phosphoric acid during titration.
  • Hydrogen Phosphate
    The anion produced after the second proton is removed from phosphoric acid, acting as a conjugate base.
  • Conjugate Base
    The species formed when an acid donates a proton, capable of accepting a proton in reverse reactions.
  • ICE Chart
    A tabular method for tracking initial, change, and equilibrium concentrations in acid-base reactions.
  • Quadratic Formula
    A mathematical tool used to solve for unknown concentrations when the acid dissociation equation cannot be simplified.
  • Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
    A formula relating pH, pKa, and the ratio of conjugate base to weak acid, useful for buffer calculations.
  • Buffer System
    A solution containing appreciable amounts of weak acid and its conjugate base, resisting pH changes upon small additions of acid or base.
  • Dissociation Constant
    A value (Ka) quantifying the extent to which an acid releases protons in solution, with separate values for each proton in polyprotic acids.
  • pOH
    A measure of hydroxide ion concentration, calculated as the negative logarithm of [OH−], used to find pH in basic solutions.
  • Titrant
    A solution of known concentration, typically a strong base or acid, added to react with an analyte during titration.
  • Formal Concentration
    The total concentration of a species in solution, accounting for dilution after mixing acid and base volumes.
  • Conservation of Mass
    A principle ensuring that the total amount of matter remains constant throughout the titration process, guiding stoichiometric calculations.