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Introduction to T Lymphocytes quiz #1

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  • What are the main differences between cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) and helper T cells (CD4 cells) in terms of their functions and surface markers?
    Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) induce apoptosis in cells infected with intracellular pathogens and are identified by the CD8 protein on their surface. Helper T cells (CD4 cells) assist in activating other immune cells, such as B cells, by producing cytokines, and are identified by the CD4 protein on their surface.
  • How do T cell receptors (TCRs) enable T lymphocytes to recognize specific antigens, and what is their structural composition?
    T cell receptors (TCRs) allow T lymphocytes to recognize specific antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells. Each TCR consists of an alpha and a beta polypeptide chain linked by disulfide bonds, with variable regions for antigen binding and constant regions near the cell surface.
  • What is the process by which naive T cells become activated and differentiate into effector and memory T cells?
    Naive T cells become activated when they encounter their specific antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell. Upon activation, they proliferate and differentiate into short-lived effector T cells, which respond immediately to infection, or long-lived memory T cells, which provide a faster response to future exposures.
  • Where do T lymphocytes develop, and to which organs do they migrate after maturation?
    T lymphocytes develop in the thymus and, after maturation, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen.
  • Where do T lymphocytes develop, and where do they migrate after maturation?
    T lymphocytes develop in the thymus and, after maturation, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen.
  • What is the main function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) and how are they identified?
    Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) induce apoptosis in cells infected with intracellular pathogens and are identified by the CD8 protein on their surface.
  • How do helper T cells (CD4 cells) assist the immune system, and what surface marker do they express?
    Helper T cells (CD4 cells) assist by producing cytokines that activate other immune cells, such as B cells, and are identified by the CD4 protein on their surface.
  • Describe the structure of a T cell receptor (TCR) and its role in antigen recognition.
    A T cell receptor (TCR) consists of an alpha and a beta polypeptide chain linked by disulfide bonds, with variable regions for antigen binding and constant regions near the cell surface; it enables T cells to recognize specific antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells.
  • What happens when a naive T cell encounters its specific antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell?
    When a naive T cell encounters its specific presented antigen, it becomes activated, proliferates, and differentiates into either short-lived effector T cells or long-lived memory T cells.
  • What is the difference between effector T cells and memory T cells?
    Effector T cells are short-lived and respond immediately to infections, while memory T cells are long-lived and provide a faster response to future exposures to the same antigen.