T Dependent & T Independent Antigens definitions Flashcards
T Dependent & T Independent Antigens definitions
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B cell activation The process by which B cells become activated to respond to antigens, involving either T dependent or T independent pathways. T dependent antigens Antigens that require helper T cells for B cell activation, involving a multi-step process including antigen presentation on MHC class II. T independent antigens Antigens capable of activating B cells without helper T cells, often long polysaccharides with repeating subunits. Helper T cells Immune cells that assist in the activation of B cells by recognizing antigens presented on MHC class II molecules. Naive B cells Inactive B cells that have not yet encountered an antigen and require activation to respond to pathogens. B cell receptors (BCRs) Molecules on B cell surfaces that bind to specific antigens, initiating the activation process. MHC class II molecules Proteins on B cell surfaces that present processed antigen fragments to helper T cells for recognition. Cytokines Signaling molecules released by helper T cells to activate B cells during immune responses. Plasma cells Differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies to neutralize pathogens. Memory B cells B cells that remain after an infection to provide a faster response upon re-exposure to the same antigen. Polysaccharides Long carbohydrate molecules with repeating subunits, often forming T independent antigens. Immune response The body's defense mechanism against pathogens, involving B cell activation and antibody production. Pathogens Microorganisms that cause disease, targeted by the immune system through B cell activation. Antibodies Proteins produced by plasma cells that bind to antigens to neutralize or mark them for destruction. T cell receptors (TCRs) Molecules on T cells that recognize antigens presented by MHC class II molecules on B cells.
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