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  • Third most common cause of cancer death in males that affects __ to __ men in the US.

    prostate cancer

    1 to 6

  • What is the treatment for prostate cancer?

    Surgery and sometimes radiation

  • Metastatic prostate cancer treatment:

    • Drugs that block _____ synthesis or action

    Testosterone

  • __ to __ ml Semen are ejaculated containing __ to __ million sperm/ml.

    2-5 ml

    20 to 50 million

  • Semen:

    Alkaline fluid neutralizes acidity of male ____ and female ____ and enhances ____.

    Urethra

    Vagina

    Motility

  • _____ decrease viscosity of mucus in cervix and stimulate peristalsis in reverse.

    Prostaglandins

  • Hormone ____ and ____ enhance sperm motility.

    Relaxin and enzymes

  • Semen contains ___ for energy

    ATP

  • Semen can ____ the female immune response

    suppress

  • ____ ____ in semen destroy some bacteria.

    antibiotic chemicals

  • ____ ____ coagulate semen initially to prevent draining out, then liquify via fibrinolysin so sperm can finish journey

    Clotting factors

  • Sexual excitement leads to activation of _____ ____, causing local release of Nitric Oxide (NO)

    parasympathetic neurons

  • Nitric Oxide release causes _____ of local vascular _____ _____.

    relaxation

    smooth muscle

  • Erection:

    • when smooth muscles relax, arterioles _____

    dilate

  • _____ _____:

    expands and retards venous drainage, leading to engorgement of erectile tissues with blood and enlargement and stiffening of penis.

    Corpus cavernosa

  • What keeps the urethra open?

    Corpus Spongiosum

  • Erectile dysfunction:

    • ____ ____ release too little nitric oxide leading to ability to attain erection

    parasympathetic nerves

  • Erectile Dysfunction affects __ % of American men over the age of __

    50%

    40

  • Temporary ED is caused by _____ factors, ____ or ____

    Psychological

    alcohol or drugs

  • Chronic ED:

    • problems with ____ ____ or ____ ____

    • _____ _____ is often underlying cause

    blood vessels or nervous system

    diabetes mellitus

  • What is the treatment for chronic ED?

    Viagra

    NO

  • _____: process of forming male gametes

    Spermatogenesis

  • Where does spermatogenesis occur?

    Seminiferous Tubules

  • Spermatogenesis begins at _____ with _____ production, around __ years of age.

    Puberty

    Testosterone

    14

  • Adult males make __ million sperm per day.

    90 million

  • Tubules have 4 important types of cells:

    • Sustentocytes

    • Spermatogenic cells

    • Myoid cells

    • Interstitial endocrine cells

  • ______ are supporting cells and play a role in sperm formation.

    Sustentocytes

  • What gives rise to sperm?

    spermatogenic cells

  • _____ _____:

    Smooth muscle-like cells contract to squeeze sperm and testicular fluid through tubules.

    Myoid cells

  • What do interstitial endocrine cells produce?

    androgens and some estrogen

  • What are the 3 steps of spermatogenesis?

    1. ____ of ____

    2. _____

    3. _____

    Mitosis of Spermatogonia

    Meiosis

    Spermiogenesis

  • Spermatogenesis takes __ - __ days if conditions are hospitable.

    64-72

  • Pressure of _____ _____ pushes immotile sperm into epididymis, where they gain _____ and _____ power.

    Testicular fluid

    motility

    fertilizing power

  • What do tight junctions form?

    Blood-testis Barrier

  • Sperm is not formed until _____, so it is absent during ______ _____ development.

    Puberty

    Immune system

  • Infertility affects roughly __ in __ couples in America.

    • often caused by problems with sperm ______ or _____.

    1 in 7

    Quality or Quantity