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3.8 Mitosis, Meiosis and anything else in this section!

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Terms in this set (21)

  • A form of cellular reproduction in which one cell gives rise to two new cells. During growth from a single fertilized egg to an adult with trillions of cells, this increase in cell number occurs through (BLANK) and the process continues throughout life to replace old and damaged cells.

    Cell division

    • Nuclear division

    • the division of a single cell that produces two identical daughter nuclei; an essential step in cell division

    • A process that separates the duplicated chromosomes of the original cell

    Mitosis

  • Pertaining to the body

    Somatic

  • The production of sex cells (sperm, oocytes (immature ova, or egg cells))

    Meiosis

    • In this faze for most of the cells lives

    • A period of time between cell divisions when they perform normal functions

    • chromosomes are uncoiled

    Interphase

  • unspecialized cells are known as...

    Stem cells

    • The genetically controlled death of cells is called...

    • A key process in homeostasis

    Apoptosis

    • This is the phase that a cell first enters when it's ready to divide

    • In this phase, the cell makes enough organelles and cytosol for two functioning cells

    • At top speed this phase lasts 8 hours

    \(G_1\)phase

    • After \(G_1\)phase

    • Replicates the DNA in its nucleus (DNA replication)

    S phase

    • Starts when the complementary DNA strands begin to separate and unwind.

    • Molecules of the enzyme DNA polymerase then bond to the exposed nitrogenous bases.

    • The results are complementary nucleotides present in the nucleoplasm attach to the exposed nitrogenous bases and form identical pairs of DNA mole

    DNA replication

  • Division of the cytoplasm to form two distinct cells is called...

    Cytokinesis

  • The two new, identical cells that form when one original cell divides.

    Daughter cells

  • List the stages of Mitosis:

    (HINT there's 4 + the name of the result)

    1. Prophase

    2. Metaphase

    3. Anaphase

    4. Telophase

      Cytokinesis

  • The initial phase of mitosis

    Characterized:

    • The appearance of chromosomes

    • breakdown of nuclear membrane

    • formation of the spindle apparatus

    Prophase

  • One complete copy of a single chromosome

    Chromatid

  • Localized region where two chromatids remain connected following chromosome replication; site of spindle fiber attachment

    Centromere

    • As the chromosomes appear, the nucleoli disappear and the two pairs of centrioles begin moving toward opposite ends of the cell.

    • An array of microtubules called BLANK extends between the centriole pairs

    • late in prophase, the nuclear envelope disappears, and the chromatids become attached to BLANK

    Spindle fibers

    • Following prophase

    • A stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the cell

    Metaphase

  • Metaphase begins as the chromosomes move to a narrow central zone called (BLANK)

    Metaphase plate

    • Third stage of mitosis

    • The paired chromatids separate and move towards the centrioles at the opposite ends of the cell

    Anaphase

  • Stage 4 (final stage) of mitosis

    Characterized:

    • Disappearance of the spindle apparatus

    • Reappearance of the nuclear membrane

    • Disappearance of the chromosomes

    • the completion of cytokinesis

    Telophase