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8.5

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Terms in this set (24)

  • Temporomandibular (Jaw) Joint
    Articulation between the mandible and temporal bone; acts as a modified hinge and gliding joint with moderate stability.
  • Shoulder Joint
    Articulation between the humerus and scapula; ball-and-socket joint with low stability and high mobility.
  • Elbow Joint
    Articulation between the humerus, radius, and ulna; stable uniaxial hinge joint allowing flexion and extension.
  • Hip Joint
    Articulation between the femur and pelvis; ball-and-socket joint with high stability due to a deep socket and strong ligaments.
  • Knee Joint
    Articulation between the femur, tibia, and patella; modified hinge joint allowing flexion, extension, and slight rotation; stability from ligaments and menisci.
  • Articular Surfaces of Temporomandibular Joint
    Egg-shaped condylar process of mandible articulates with mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone.
  • Function of Articular Disc in Temporomandibular Joint
    Divides synovial cavity into two compartments: inferior for hinge-like elevation/depression, superior for anterior gliding and lateral excursion.
  • Common Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation
    Dislocation occurs anteriorly into infratemporal fossa, leaving mouth wide open; realignment requires pushing mandible inferiorly and posteriorly.
  • Shoulder Joint Articular Architecture
    Multiaxial ball-and-socket formed by humerus head and shallow glenoid cavity, deepened by fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum; enclosed by thin, loose capsule.
  • Coracohumeral Ligament
    Primary strong ligament supporting the weight of the upper limb in the shoulder joint.
  • Role of Biceps Brachii Tendon (Long Head) in Shoulder
    Acts as a 'superstabilizer' securing the humerus head within the glenoid cavity.
  • Rotator Cuff Muscles
    Four muscle tendons encircling shoulder joint: subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.
  • Common Shoulder Dislocation Direction
    Most vulnerable anteriorly and inferiorly; dislocations occur forward and downward when humerus is abducted and rotated laterally.
  • Elbow Joint Articular Mechanism
    Uniaxial hinge permitting flexion and extension; trochlear notch of ulna grips trochlea of humerus.
  • Anular Ligament Function
    Surrounds head of radius, allowing rotation during pronation and supination without affecting hinge movement.
  • Ulnar and Radial Collateral Ligaments
    Medial ulnar collateral ligament restricts side-to-side movement; lateral radial collateral ligament restricts side-to-side movement.
  • Hip Joint Capsular Ligaments
    Iliofemoral (strong V-shaped anterior), pubofemoral (triangular inferior), and ischiofemoral (posterior spiraling) ligaments stabilize the joint.
  • Ligament of the Head of the Femur (Ligamentum Teres)
    Intracapsular band carrying artery to femoral head; remains slack during most movements.
  • Knee Joint Articulations
    Femoropatellar joint (plane joint for patella glide) and lateral/medial tibiofemoral joints (hinge with slight rotation).
  • Function of Menisci in Knee Joint
    C-shaped fibrocartilages that deepen tibial surfaces, absorb shock, and prevent femur rocking.
  • Knee Joint Ligaments
    Extracapsular ligaments prevent hyperextension; intracapsular cruciate ligaments prevent tibial sliding and displacement.
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Function
    Prevents forward sliding of tibia and hyperextension of the knee.
  • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Function
    Prevents backward displacement of tibia or forward sliding of femur.
  • Knee Locking and Unlocking Mechanism
    Condyles, menisci, and ligaments lock knee in full extension; popliteus muscle unlocks by rotating femur laterally on tibia.