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8B-LE3-Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What defines a synovial joint?

    A synovial joint is a freely movable joint where articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity called the synovial cavity.

  • Name the main structural features of synovial joints.

    Articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint capsule, ligaments, and bursae.

  • What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

    The TMJ is a modified hinge joint allowing hinge and gliding movements between the mandible and temporal bone.

  • What movements does the TMJ allow?

    Hinge movements (depression and elevation of mandible) and gliding movements (side-to-side grinding).

  • Why is the TMJ prone to dislocation?

    Because of its structural features allowing both hinge and gliding movements and a relatively weak lateral ligament.

  • What type of joint is the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint?

    The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint allowing the most extensive range of motion in the body.

  • What structures provide stability to the shoulder joint?

    Coracohumeral and glenohumeral ligaments, tendon of the long head of biceps brachii, and the four rotator cuff tendons.

  • What movements are possible at the shoulder joint?

    Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

  • What type of joint is the elbow joint?

    The elbow is a hinge joint primarily between the trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus.

  • What movements does the elbow joint allow?

    Flexion and extension only, with ligaments restricting side-to-side movement.

  • Name the key ligaments of the elbow joint.

    Anular ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, and radial collateral ligament.

  • What type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?

    The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint with a deep socket providing more stability than the shoulder.

  • What is the function of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint?

    The acetabular labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that deepens the socket and enhances joint stability.

  • List the main ligaments stabilizing the hip joint.

    Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral ligaments, and ligamentum teres.

  • Why are hip dislocations rare?

    Because of the deep acetabulum socket and strong surrounding ligaments.

  • Describe the knee joint structure.

    The knee consists of three joints (femoropatellar and two tibiofemoral joints) within a single cavity, stabilized by ligaments and menisci.

  • What movements does the knee joint allow?

    Flexion, extension, and limited rotation when partly flexed.

  • Name the key ligaments of the knee joint.

    Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments.

  • What is the role of menisci in the knee joint?

    Menisci are crescent-shaped fibrocartilage pads that provide cushioning and stability.

  • What is the function of bursae in synovial joints?

    Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues around joints.