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Anatomical Position Terms

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  • Anatomical position

    The standard reference position in anatomy where the body stands upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

  • Superior (cranial)

    Refers to a body part being above or higher than another part.

  • Inferior (caudal)

    Refers to a body part being below or lower than another part.

  • Anterior (ventral)

    Refers to the front of the body or nearer to the front.

  • Posterior (dorsal)

    Refers to the back of the body or nearer to the back.

  • Medial

    Closer to the midline of the body.

  • Lateral

    Farther from the midline of the body.

  • Proximal

    Closer to the point of attachment or origin of a limb.

  • Distal

    Farther from the point of attachment or origin of a limb.

  • Superficial (external)

    Closer to or on the surface of the body.

  • Deep (internal)

    Farther from the surface of the body.

  • Ipsilateral

    On the same side of the body as another structure.

  • Contralateral

    On the opposite side of the body from another structure.

  • Sagittal plane

    Divides the body into left and right parts.

  • Midsagittal (median) plane

    Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

  • Frontal (coronal) plane

    Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

  • Transverse (horizontal) plane

    Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

  • Body cavity

    Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs.

  • Dorsal body cavity

    Includes the cranial cavity and vertebral (spinal) cavity.

  • Ventral body cavity

    Includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.