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Anatomy & Physiology: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding Basics

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Terms in this set (30)

  • What is an atom?

    An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

  • What was discovered using the Cathode Ray Tube in 1897?

    The electron was discovered as a negatively charged subatomic particle.

  • What was Millikan's experiment and what did it determine?

    Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment determined the charge of the electron.

  • What was Rutherford's experiment and what did it discover?

    Gold Foil Experiment discovered the nucleus and that atoms are mostly empty space.

  • What are the three subatomic particles and their discovery order?

    Electron, proton, and neutron

  • What is the relative charge of an electron?

    Electron has a charge of -1.

  • What is the relative charge of a proton?

    Proton has a charge of +1.

  • What is the relative charge of a neutron?

    Neutron has a charge of 0 (neutral).

  • What is the center region of the atom called and what particles are there?

    The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

  • Where are electrons located in an atom?

    Electrons are located in the electron shells surrounding the nucleus.

  • What does the atomic number (Z) represent?

    The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom.

  • How is the mass number (A) calculated?

    Mass number = number of protons + neutrons.

  • What are isotopes?

    Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

  • What properties do isotopes share and differ in?

    Same chemical properties; different mass and some physical properties.

  • What are periods on the periodic table?

    Horizontal rows; there are 7 periods total.

  • What are groups or families on the periodic table?

    Vertical columns; also called groups or families.

  • Name the main group element families 1A, 2A, 7A, and 8A.

    1A: Alkali metals; 2A: Alkaline earth metals; 7A: Halogens; 8A: Noble gases.

  • Where are metals located on the periodic table and their characteristics?

    Left and center; metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors.

  • Where are nonmetals located and their characteristics?

    Right side; nonmetals are brittle, dull, and poor conductors.

  • What are metalloids and their characteristics?

    Elements along the stair-step line; have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

  • How do you determine the number of electron shells in an atom?

    By the period number (row) on the periodic table.

  • What are valence electrons?

    Electrons in the outermost shell involved in chemical bonding.

  • How many electrons can the 1st electron shell hold?

    Maximum of 2 electrons.

  • How many electrons can the 2nd electron shell hold?

    Maximum of 8 electrons.

  • What is a molecule?

    A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

  • What is a diatomic molecule?

    A molecule composed of exactly two atoms.

  • What is an ion?

    An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

  • What is a cation and how is it formed?

    A positively charged ion formed by losing electrons.

  • What is an anion and how is it formed?

    A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

  • What does the Octet Rule state?

    Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have 8 electrons in their valence shell.