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Anatomy & Physiology: Basic Anatomical Terms and Planes

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  • Supine position

    The body lying face up, on the back.

  • Prone position

    The body lying face down, on the stomach.

  • Sagittal plane

    A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts.

  • Midsagittal plane

    A sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

  • Frontal plane

    A vertical plane dividing the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.

  • Transverse plane

    A horizontal plane dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

  • Oral region

    The area of the mouth.

  • Orbital region

    The area surrounding the eye.

  • Occipital region

    The back of the head or skull.

  • Cervical region

    The neck area.

  • Thoracic region

    The chest area.

  • Axillary region

    The armpit area.

  • Brachial region

    The arm area between shoulder and elbow.

  • Antecubital region

    The front of the elbow.

  • Olecranon region

    The back of the elbow.

  • Antebrachial region

    The forearm area between elbow and wrist.

  • Abdominal region

    The area of the abdomen or belly.

  • Lumbar region

    The lower back area between ribs and pelvis.

  • Pubic region

    The area over the pubic bone.

  • Inguinal region

    The groin area where thigh meets trunk.

  • Gluteal region

    The buttock area.

  • Femoral region

    The thigh area.

  • Patellar region

    The front of the knee.

  • Popliteal region

    The back of the knee.

  • Calcaneal region

    The heel of the foot.

  • Digital region

    The fingers or toes.

  • Anatomic directions: Superior vs Inferior

    Superior means toward the head; Inferior means toward the feet.

  • Anatomic directions: Anterior vs Posterior

    Anterior means toward the front; Posterior means toward the back.

  • Abdominopelvic regions

    The abdomen and pelvis are divided into nine regions to locate organs precisely, such as epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, and others.