BackAnatomy & Physiology: Basic Chemistry and Biomolecules
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1/29BackSkip to main contentBackWhich four elements make up more than 95% of the body's mass?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up more than 95% of the body's mass. What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its distinctive behavior?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its distinctive properties. What characteristic gives an element its distinctive properties?
The number of protons in an atom gives an element its distinctive properties. If mercury has atomic number 80 and mass number 200.59, how many neutrons does its most abundant isotope likely have?
The most abundant isotopes of mercury likely have about 120 neutrons (mass number minus atomic number). How many electron shells does nitrogen have if its atomic number is 7?
Nitrogen likely has two electron shells. Which is a molecule but not a compound: H2O, 2H, H2, or H+?
H2 is a molecule but not a compound because it contains two atoms of the same element. What type of bonds link nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
Ammonia contains polar covalent bonds between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms. What happens when an atom donates an electron to another atom?
It becomes an ion, specifically a cation if it loses electrons. What is a substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held by ionic bonds called?
Such a substance is called a salt. Which statement about chemical bonds is true?
Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds in biological systems. What type of energy is stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof?
The energy stored is potential energy. The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements to form mineral crystals in bone is an example of what type of reaction?
It is a synthesis reaction. What type of reaction is represented by AB → A + B?
This represents a decomposition reaction. Which reactions release energy?
Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition reactions release energy. Which combination of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?
Hydrogen and hydrogen atoms are most likely to react. Why does chewing bread facilitate its chemical breakdown?
Because saliva contains enzymes that aid chemical breakdown. Is methane (CH4) organic or inorganic?
Methane (CH4) is an organic compound. What is most likely to be evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution?
Sodium ions and chloride ions are evenly distributed in a homogeneous solution. What type of mixture is pancake batter with chocolate chips sinking to the bottom?
It is a suspension. A substance that dissociates into K+ and Cl– in solution is classified as what?
It is a salt. What does a blood pH of 7.48 indicate?
The blood is slightly alkaline. C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for what type of sugar?
It is a hexose monosaccharide. What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?
Glucose is the primary fuel for brain cells. Which functional group is part of the building blocks of proteins?
The amino group is part of protein building blocks. A pentose sugar is part of the monomer used to build which macromolecule?
Pentose sugar is part of nucleic acids. What is a phospholipid characterized by?
A phospholipid has both polar and nonpolar regions. What shape does nucleotide bonding form in DNA?
Nucleotide bonding forms a double helix. Which statements about uracil are true?
Uracil contains nitrogen, is a pyrimidine, and is found in RNA. What is the term for an enzyme's ability to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge?
This is called specificity.
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