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Anatomy & Physiology: Basic Concepts and Body Systems

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Terms in this set (23)

  • What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
    Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organismal level.
  • What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
    Protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D, and contains sensory receptors and sweat and oil glands.
  • What does the skeletal system do?
    Protects and supports body organs, provides a framework for muscles to cause movement, and forms blood cells within bones.
  • What is the role of the muscular system?
    Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture and produces heat.
  • What is the function of the nervous system?
    Fast-acting control system that responds to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands.
  • What do glands in the endocrine system secrete?
    Hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.
  • What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
    Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood.
  • What does the lymphatic system do?
    Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels, disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, and houses white blood cells involved in immunity.
  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
    Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; gas exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
  • What is the role of the digestive system?
    Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
  • What does the urinary system do?
    Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.
  • What is the overall function of the male reproductive system?
    Production of offspring; testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm.
  • What is the overall function of the female reproductive system?
    Production of offspring; ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; mammary glands produce milk to nourish the newborn.
  • Define the anatomical term 'medial'.
    Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.
  • Define the anatomical term 'lateral'.
    Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.
  • What is the difference between proximal and distal?
    Proximal is close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment; distal is farther from the origin or point of attachment.
  • What are the three main body planes?
    Median (midsagittal), frontal (coronal), and transverse planes.
  • What cavities are included in the dorsal body cavity?
    Cranial cavity and spinal cavity.
  • What cavities are included in the ventral body cavity?
    Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity.
  • What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
    Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ).
  • What is homeostasis?
    The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.
  • What are the five components of a homeostatic control system?
    Receptor, input, control center, output, and effector.
  • How does negative feedback maintain homeostasis?
    The response of the effector reduces or shuts off the original stimulus to return the variable to its normal range.