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Anatomy & Physiology: Basic Concepts and Terminology

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Terms in this set (23)

  • Levels of Structural Organization in the Human Body

    The hierarchy includes atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.

  • Integumentary System Functions

    Protects the body, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and synthesizes vitamin D.

  • Skeletal System Functions

    Provides support, protection for organs, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

  • Muscular System Functions

    Produces movement, maintains posture, and generates heat.

  • Nervous System Functions

    Regulates body activities through nerve impulses and detects changes in the environment.

  • Endocrine System Functions

    Regulates body activities through hormones transported by the blood.

  • Cardiovascular System Functions

    Transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones throughout the body.

  • Lymphatic System Functions

    Returns tissue fluids to the blood, carries certain absorbed food molecules, and defends the body against infection.

  • Respiratory System Functions

    Exchanges gases between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

  • Digestive System Functions

    Performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

  • Urinary System Functions

    Removes wastes from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.

  • Reproductive System Functions

    Produces gametes, supports embryonic development (female), and produces sex hormones.

  • Anterior Body Landmarks

    Includes frontal (forehead), orbital (eye), nasal (nose), oral (mouth), cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), abdominal, pelvic, and pubic regions.

  • Posterior Body Landmarks

    Includes occipital (back of head), vertebral (spinal column), scapular (shoulder blade), lumbar (lower back), gluteal (buttock), and popliteal (back of knee).

  • Body Quadrants

    The abdomen is divided into four quadrants: right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower.

  • Abdominopelvic Regions

    Divided into nine regions: right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, and hypogastric.

  • Directional Terms: Superior and Inferior

    Superior means toward the head or upper part; inferior means away from the head or lower part.

  • Directional Terms: Anterior and Posterior

    Anterior means toward the front of the body; posterior means toward the back.

  • Directional Terms: Medial and Lateral

    Medial means toward the midline of the body; lateral means away from the midline.

  • Body Planes: Frontal (Coronal) Plane

    Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

  • Body Planes: Sagittal Plane

    Divides the body into right and left parts; the midsagittal plane divides it equally.

  • Body Planes: Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

    Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

  • Movement Terms: Abduction and Adduction

    Abduction is movement away from the midline; adduction is movement toward the midline.