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Anatomy & Physiology Basics

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  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of body parts.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of the functions and processes of the body parts.

  • How is the body structurally organized from smallest to largest?

    Body organization: cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism.

  • Give an example of an organ.

    The kidney is an example of an organ.

  • How many body systems are there?

    There are 11 major body systems.

  • Name the 11 body systems.

    Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive.

  • What is the main function of the skeletal system?

    Provides support, protection, and movement by serving as attachment points for muscles.

  • What functions are necessary to maintain life?

    Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

  • Define homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • How do humans maintain homeostasis?

    Through feedback systems that detect changes and activate responses to restore balance.

  • What are the main things humans need to survive?

    Oxygen, nutrients, water, normal body temperature, and appropriate atmospheric pressure.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    The body stands upright, facing forward, feet flat and slightly apart, arms at sides with palms facing forward.

  • Why is the anatomical position important?

    It provides a standard reference for describing body parts and positions.

  • What are directional terms in anatomy?

    Terms like superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral describe locations relative to the body.

  • What are the main body planes?

    Frontal (coronal), sagittal, and transverse planes divide the body into sections.

  • What is a body cavity?

    A body cavity is a space within the body that houses organs and protects them.

  • Name the 9 abdominopelvic regions.

    Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac.

  • What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

    Right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower quadrants.

  • Give an example of a directional term and its meaning.

    Medial means toward the midline of the body.

  • What is the difference between sagittal and transverse planes?

    Sagittal divides the body into left and right; transverse divides it into top and bottom.