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Anatomy & Physiology: Body Regions, Directions, Tissues, and Membranes

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Terms in this set (21)

  • What is the anatomical position?
    Body is upright, facing forward, palms outward, legs spread apart, toes facing forward.
  • Define the term 'Superior' in body orientation.
    Closer to the head or above another structure.
  • What does 'Inferior' mean in anatomical terms?
    Closer to the feet or below another structure.
  • What is the difference between 'Medial' and 'Lateral'?
    Medial means closer to the midline; Lateral means farther from the midline.
  • What are the four main body planes?
    Sagittal (left/right), Midsagittal (equal left/right halves), Frontal/Coronal (front/back), Transverse (top/bottom).
  • Name the major body cavities.
    Dorsal cavity (cranial and vertebral), Ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic).
  • What organs are found in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?
    Liver, gall bladder, parts of large and small intestine, pancreas, stomach, right kidney.
  • What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?
    Diffusion and filtration; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.
  • Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found and what is its function?
    Located in kidney tubules and small gland ducts; functions in secretion and absorption.
  • Describe the function and location of stratified squamous epithelium.
    Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion; found in skin epidermis and moist linings like mouth and esophagus.
  • What is the role of transitional epithelium?
    Allows stretching and recoil; lines urinary organs like bladder and ureters.
  • Name the three types of connective tissue proper: loose.
    Areolar (wraps and cushions organs), Adipose (insulation), Reticular (supports organ framework).
  • What is the function of dense regular connective tissue?
    Attaches muscles to bones and bones to bones; withstands tensile stress in one direction.
  • Where is hyaline cartilage found and what is its function?
    Ends of bones, ribs, nose, trachea; supports and cushions, resists compressive stress.
  • Identify the main function of skeletal muscle tissue.
    Voluntary movement of the body; characterized by striations and multinucleated cells.
  • What distinguishes cardiac muscle tissue?
    Involuntary contraction of the heart; striated with single nucleus and intercalated discs.
  • Describe the function of smooth muscle tissue.
    Involuntary movement such as peristalsis and blood pressure control; spindle-shaped cells without striations.
  • What are mucous membranes and where are they found?
    Membranes coated with mucus secretions; line digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
  • What is the function of serous membranes?
    Line ventral body cavities and secrete lubricating fluid to reduce friction between organs.
  • What is the cutaneous membrane?
    The skin; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
  • What is the role of synovial membranes?
    Line joint cavities and produce synovial fluid for lubrication.