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Anatomy & Physiology: Body Systems and Homeostasis

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Terms in this set (32)

  • Levels of Organization in the Human Body

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

  • Major Organs of the Integumentary System

    Skin, Hair, Nails, Exocrine glands, Sensory receptors

  • Functions of the Integumentary System

    Protects against environmental hazards, provides sensory information, helps regulate body temperature

  • Major Organs of the Skeletal System

    Bones, Cartilages, Ligaments, Bone marrow

  • Functions of the Skeletal System

    Provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, forms blood cells (hematopoiesis)

  • Major Organs of the Muscular System

    Skeletal muscles, Tendons

  • Functions of the Muscular System

    Provides movement, protection, support, and generates heat to regulate body temperature

  • Major Organs of the Nervous System

    Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Sense organs

  • Functions of the Nervous System

    Directs fast responses to stimuli, interprets sensory information, coordinates activities of other systems

  • Major Organs of the Endocrine System

    Pancreas, Adrenal glands, Gonads, Thyroid gland, Pituitary gland, Endocrine tissues in other systems

  • Functions of the Endocrine System

    Directs long-term changes, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use, controls development changes

  • Major Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    Heart, Blood vessels (arteries, veins), Blood

  • Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    Distributes water, nutrients, waste, gases; distributes heat; assists in temperature control

  • Components of the Lymphatic System

    Spleen, Thymus, Tonsils, Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, Lymph

  • Functions of the Lymphatic System

    Defends against infection, returns tissue fluids to bloodstream, transports nutrients, removes waste and cancer cells

  • Major Organs of the Respiratory System

    Nasal cavities, Sinuses, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Alveoli

  • Functions of the Respiratory System

    Delivers air to alveoli for gas exchange, provides oxygen to blood, removes carbon dioxide, produces sounds

  • Major Organs of the Digestive System

    Teeth, Tongue, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

  • Functions of the Digestive System

    Processes and digests food, absorbs water and nutrients, stores energy reserves

  • Major Organs of the Urinary System

    Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra

  • Functions of the Urinary System

    Excretes waste from blood, controls water balance, stores urine, regulates blood ion concentrations and pH

  • Functions of the Male Reproductive System

    Produces sperm, seminal fluids, hormones; enables sexual intercourse

  • Functions of the Female Reproductive System

    Produces oocytes and hormones, supports embryo development, provides milk, enables sexual intercourse

  • Definition of Homeostasis

    Existence of a stable internal environment maintained by all body systems within normal ranges of temperature, pH, fluid balance, etc.

  • Thermoregulation Responses to Cold

    Shivering, vasoconstriction, goosebumps to conserve heat

  • Thermoregulation Responses to Heat

    Activation of sweat glands, sweating, evaporation cools the body

  • Types of Regulatory Mechanisms in Homeostasis

    Intrinsic (autoregulation) and Extrinsic (nervous and endocrine system control)

  • Parts of Regulatory Mechanisms

    Receptor (sensor), Control Center (processes info), Effector (responds to commands)

  • Negative Feedback Mechanism

    Corrective action that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits to restore homeostasis

  • Positive Feedback Mechanism

    Response that exaggerates or enhances the original change, producing a self-amplifying cycle

  • Example of Positive Feedback: Oxytocin in Childbirth

    Oxytocin release increases uterine contractions, which triggers more oxytocin until delivery ends the cycle

  • Example of Positive Feedback: Blood Clotting

    Platelets release chemicals attracting more platelets to the injury site, accelerating clot formation