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Anatomy & Physiology: Bones, Joints, and Muscles

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Terms in this set (19)

  • What are the main components of bone tissue?
    Bone tissue is composed of collagen (protein) and calcium (mineral).
  • List the five main functions of bones.
    • Support
    • Storage of minerals and lipids
    • Protection
    • Blood cell production
    • Leverage
  • Name the outer membrane covering a bone.
    The outer membrane covering a bone is called the periosteum.
  • What is the dense outer layer of bone called?
    The dense outer layer of bone is called cortical (compact) bone.
  • What is the spongy inner structure of bone called?
    The spongy inner structure of bone is called trabecular (spongy) bone.
  • What is the cavity inside a bone that contains marrow called?
    The cavity inside a bone that contains marrow is called the medullary cavity.
  • What covers the articular surfaces of synovial joints?
    The articular surfaces of synovial joints are covered by articular cartilage.
  • How are joints classified based on motion?
    • Synarthrosis: no motion
    • Amphiarthrosis: little motion
    • Diarthrosis: most motion
  • How are joints classified based on structure?
    • Bony
    • Fibrous
    • Cartilaginous
    • Synovial
  • What is a tubercle on a bone?
    A tubercle is a bump on a bone where structures such as muscles or ligaments attach.
  • What is the origin of a muscle?
    The origin is the fixed attachment of a muscle to a bone, usually proximal and stable.
  • What is the insertion of a muscle?
    The insertion is the movable attachment of a muscle to a bone, usually distal.
  • Define the action of a muscle.
    The action is the movement produced when a muscle contracts, pulling the insertion toward the origin.
  • What is innervation in muscle anatomy?
    Innervation refers to the nerve supply that stimulates a muscle to contract.
  • What is a prime mover (agonist) muscle?
    A prime mover or agonist is the muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement.
  • What is an antagonist muscle?
    An antagonist muscle opposes the action of the prime mover and relaxes during its contraction.
  • Describe concentric muscle contraction.
    A concentric contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while producing force to move a body part.
  • Describe eccentric muscle contraction.
    An eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens while controlling or allowing movement.
  • Describe isometric muscle contraction.
    An isometric contraction occurs when a muscle generates force without changing length, producing no movement.