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Anatomy & Physiology: Ch. 1-2

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Terms in this set (24)

  • Human Anatomy

    Study of the structure or form of the human body

  • Human Physiology

    • Study of the body’s functions

      • The body’s structure and function are closely related

  • Cellular Composition

    Cells are the smallest units that carry out the functions of life

  • Metabolism

    Living organisms carry out chemical processes collectively called _____

  • Anabolism

    Metabolic processes that "build" are called

  • Catabolism

    Metabolic processes that "break down" are called

  • The 6 Structural Levels of Organization

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism

  • Chemical Level

    Smallest level; ranges from tiny atoms to complex molecules

  • Cellular Level

    Groups of many different types of molecules combine to form cellular structures

  • Tissue Level

    Two or more cell types and material outside them, extracellular matrix, combine to perform a common function

  • Organ Level

    2+ tissues combine to form an organ with a recognizable shape that performs a specialized task

  • Organ System Level

    2+ Organs that together carry out a broad function

  • Organism Level

    The organ systems function together to make up the working human body - an organism

  • Systemic Anatomy

    Examines individual organ systems

  • Regional Anatomy

    Examines the body in regions, such as head and neck

  • Surface Anatomy

    Examines surface markings

  • Gross Anatomy

    Examines structures that can be seen with the unaided eye

  • Microscopic Anatomy

    Examines cells (Cytology) and tissues (Histology) with a microscope

  • Physiology

    Includes numerous subfields classified by organ or organ systems

  • 4 Core Principles of Anatomy & Physiology

    Feedback Loops, Relationship of Structure and Function, Gradients, Cell-Cell Communication

  • Homeostasis

    The condition in which the body develops and maintains a stable internal environment

  • Homeostatic Imbalances

    Disturbances in homeostasis can lead to disease or death if uncorrected

  • Regulated Variables

    Variables in the internal environment, like temperature, blood sugar, and others are controlled to stay close to a particular normal value (no exact value for homeostasis)

  • Controlled Variables

    Variables that are manipulated to maintain the regulated variables, such as the process that increases blood sugar stored from carbohydrates