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Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Key Concepts

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Terms in this set (22)

  • Define Anatomy

    Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

  • Define Physiology

    Physiology is the study of the function of the body’s structures and how they work.

  • What is Homeostasis?

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function

    The function of a body part is directly related to its structure; structure determines function.

  • Levels of Structural Organization in the Body

    Levels include: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.

  • Name the Eleven Organ Systems

    Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive.

  • Basic Function of the Integumentary System

    Protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.

  • Components of a Homeostatic Control Mechanism

    Includes receptor, control center, and effector.

  • Role of the Receptor in Homeostasis

    Detects changes in the environment (stimuli) and sends information to the control center.

  • Role of the Control Center in Homeostasis

    Processes information from the receptor and sends commands to the effector.

  • Role of the Effector in Homeostasis

    Responds to commands from the control center to adjust the variable and restore balance.

  • Negative Feedback Mechanism

    A response that reverses a change in a controlled condition to maintain homeostasis.

  • Positive Feedback Mechanism

    A response that enhances or amplifies a change, usually to complete a process.

  • Example of a Homeostatic Control Mechanism

    Regulation of body temperature: receptors detect temperature change, control center in brain processes it, effectors like sweat glands respond.

  • Necessary Life Functions

    Include maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

  • Human Survival Needs

    Include nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, and atmospheric pressure.

  • Define Anatomical Position

    Body standing upright, facing forward, feet flat, arms at sides with palms facing forward.

  • Difference Between Prone and Supine Positions

    Prone: lying face down; Supine: lying face up.

  • Anatomical Directional Terms

    Terms like superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal describe locations on the body.

  • Body Planes and Their Purpose

    Planes (sagittal, frontal, transverse) divide the body to describe locations and movements.

  • Major Body Cavities and Their Contents

    Dorsal cavity (brain, spinal cord), ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic organs).

  • Anatomical Reference Points

    Specific landmarks on the body used to describe locations, such as the navel or clavicle.