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Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Key Concepts

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  • Who is known as the Father of Modern Medicine?

    Hippocrates.

  • What did Hippocrates believe caused disease?

    Natural causes rather than the displeasure of the gods.

  • What concept from Hippocrates is similar to homeostasis?

    The balance of the four body humors.

  • What is homeostasis?

    A stable internal environment.

  • Who is known for contributions to the scientific method and early embryology?

    Aristotle.

  • Who is sometimes called the Father of Physiology?

    Erasistratus.

  • Who is known as the Father of Modern Anatomy?

    Andreas Vesalius.

  • What did Andreas Vesalius do?

    Corrected many errors made by Galen and others.

  • Who proved that blood circulates continuously?

    William Harvey.

  • Who improved the microscope and studied microorganisms?

    Antony van Leeuwenhoek.

  • What is the first step of the scientific method?

    Define the problem or question.

  • What is the second step of the scientific method?

    Do research.

  • What is the third step of the scientific method?

    Form a hypothesis.

  • How is a hypothesis tested?

    Through observation and experimentation.

  • What happens after testing a hypothesis?

    Data is collected and recorded.

  • What is the final step of the scientific method?

    Draw a conclusion.

  • What is a scientific theory?

    A hypothesis supported by evidence over a long period of time.

  • What is the mechanistic explanation?

    Explaining life processes using chemistry and physics.

  • What kingdom do humans belong to?

    Animalia.

  • What are the four characteristics of chordates?

    Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tail.

  • What does the dorsal hollow nerve cord develop into?

    The brain and spinal cord.

  • What are characteristics of mammals?

    Hair, mammary glands, three ear ossicles, heterodont dentition, and a fleshy external ear.

  • What is heterodont dentition?

    Different kinds of teeth adapted to handle food in different ways.

  • What is bipedal locomotion?

    Walking upright on two legs.

  • What is responsiveness?

    The ability to respond to environmental stimuli.

  • What is metabolism?

    The total chemical and physical reactions that sustain life.

  • What is anabolism?

    Constructive metabolism, such as protein synthesis.

  • What is catabolism?

    Destructive metabolism that breaks down substances.

  • What is anatomy?

    The study of body structure and relationships among body parts.

  • What is physiology?

    The study of how living organisms perform vital functions.

  • What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

    The cell.

  • What are the three parts of homeostatic regulation?

    Receptor, control center, and effector.

  • What is negative feedback?

    A response that opposes a change from normal limits.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    Standing upright with hands at the sides and palms facing forward.

  • What does the transverse plane divide the body into?

    Superior and inferior sections.

  • What are the two major body cavities?

    Dorsal and ventral body cavities.

  • What divides the ventral body cavity?

    The diaphragm.

  • What are the two main sections of the ventral body cavity?

    The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

  • What is the peritoneum?

    A serous membrane lining the peritoneal cavity.