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Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Key Concepts

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Terms in this set (26)

  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structures of living organisms.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of the functions of structures of a living organism.

  • How are anatomy and physiology related?

    Anatomy studies structure, while physiology studies how that structure works; they are interdependent.

  • What is the principle of complementarity?

    The principle that structure and function of living organisms are interdependent and explain each other.

  • List the six levels of organization in the body from simplest to most complex.

    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.

  • Define homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment.

  • What are the four requirements for human survival?

    Water, food, oxygen, and appropriate temperature.

  • Describe negative feedback with an example.

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain stability. Example: Regulation of body temperature.

  • Describe positive feedback with an example.

    Positive feedback amplifies a response. Example: Childbirth contractions.

  • What is metabolism?

    Metabolism is all chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life.

  • Name three anatomical directional terms and their meanings.

    Anterior: front, Posterior: back, Lateral: away from midline.

  • What is the anatomical position?

    Standing upright with arms by the sides and palms facing forward.

  • What are the three main body planes?

    Sagittal, Transverse, and Coronal (frontal) planes.

  • Name the major body cavities and one organ each contains.

    Thoracic cavity: heart, Abdominal cavity: stomach, Cranial cavity: brain.

  • What is the function of the skeletal system?

    Provides protection and support of body structures.

  • What organs are part of the respiratory system?

    Lungs and trachea.

  • What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

    Transportation of nutrients and gases.

  • What organs belong to the digestive system?

    Stomach and intestines.

  • What is the function of the nervous system?

    Coordination and control of body activities.

  • What is the function of the integumentary system?

    Protection against pathogens and regulation of body temperature.

  • Define serosa (serous membrane).

    A membrane lining body cavities and covering organs, consisting of parietal and visceral layers.

  • Name the four quadrants of the abdomen.

    Left upper (LUQ), Right upper (RUQ), Right lower (RLQ), Left lower (LLQ).

  • What is the function of the muscular system?

    Generation of movement and maintenance of posture.

  • What organs are part of the endocrine system?

    Pituitary gland and thyroid gland.

  • What is the function of the lymphatic/immune system? (Note: inferred from protection function)

    Protects the body from pathogens and helps regulate body temperature.

  • What is the relationship between levels of organization?

    Each level is interdependent and relies on others for proper functioning.