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Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2 & 3 Study Guide Flashcards

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Terms in this set (29)

  • Element necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses

    Sodium (Na) is essential for proper conduction of nerve impulses.

  • Basic structural material of the body

    Proteins are the basic structural material of the body.

  • Lipids that are oils at room temperature contain

    Unsaturated fatty acids, which have one or more double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature.

  • Genetic information in DNA is coded by

    The sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes genetic information.

  • Characteristic NOT true of proteins

    Proteins are not molecular carriers of coded hereditary information; that role belongs to nucleic acids.

  • Most abundant protein in the body

    Collagen is the single most abundant protein in the body.

  • Form in which carbohydrates are stored in liver and muscles

    Glycogen is the stored form of carbohydrates in liver and skeletal muscles.

  • Enzymes work by

    Enzymes lower the energy of activation required for chemical reactions.

  • General function of fibrous proteins

    Fibrous proteins provide a structural framework in the body.

  • Chemical reaction where bonds are broken usually involves

    The release of energy as bonds are broken in decomposition reactions.

  • Salts are always

    Ionic compounds formed from the attraction between cations and anions.

  • Unstable or reactive atom electron configuration example

    An atom with electron configuration 2, 8, 1 is unstable/reactive due to one valence electron.

  • pH of blood

    Blood pH is slightly basic, around 7.35-7.45.

  • Major positive ion outside cells

    Sodium (Na+) is the major positive ion outside cells.

  • Dehydration synthesis involves

    Removal of a water molecule to join two monomers into a polymer.

  • Chain of more than 50 amino acids is called

    A protein or polypeptide chain.

  • Primary structure of a protein

    The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

  • Effect of high fever on enzymes

    High fever causes enzymes to denature by breaking hydrogen and ionic bonds, losing function.

  • Ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides

    The ratio is 3:1 fatty acids to glycerol.

  • Phospholipid arrangement in cell membrane

    Phospholipids form a bilayer with polar heads facing outward and non-polar tails inward.

  • Type of bond holding DNA strands together

    Hydrogen bonds hold complementary DNA strands together.

  • Anion definition

    An anion is an atom that gains electrons and acquires a net negative charge.

  • Example of a synthesis reaction in biology

    Joining amino acids to form a peptide is a synthesis reaction.

  • Property of water demonstrated by sweating

    High heat of vaporization allows water to absorb heat when evaporating, cooling the body.

  • Stored carbohydrate in animals

    Glycogen is the stored carbohydrate in animals.

  • Protein providing strength to tendons

    Collagen provides strength to tendons.

  • Effect of denaturation on albumin when frying an egg

    Albumin loses its secondary and tertiary structure but retains its primary structure.

  • Function of mitochondria

    Mitochondria produce ATP and contain some DNA and RNA for their function.

  • Role of Golgi apparatus

    Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for export from the cell.