BackAnatomy & Physiology Chapter 3 Key Terms
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Terms in this set (30)
The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
A selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell, controlling entry and exit of substances.
A carbohydrate-rich coating on the cell surface involved in protection and cell recognition.
A type of cell junction that seals adjacent cells together to prevent leakage of molecules.
Anchoring junctions that hold cells together and provide mechanical stability.
Channels that allow direct communication and passage of ions between adjacent cells.
Movement of substances across the membrane without energy input, driven by concentration gradients.
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space or membrane.
A property of membranes that allows some substances to pass while blocking others.
Passive transport of molecules across membranes via specific carrier or channel proteins.
Membrane proteins that bind and transport specific molecules across the membrane.
Proteins that form pores allowing specific ions or molecules to pass through the membrane.
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution.
The effect of a solution on cell volume due to osmotic pressure differences.
A solution with equal solute concentration compared to the cell, causing no net water movement.
A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to leave the cell.
A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to enter the cell.
Movement of substances across membranes using energy, often against concentration gradients.
Process by which cells engulf substances by enclosing them in a vesicle.
Process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.
Cellular 'eating' where large particles or cells are engulfed by the cell.
Cellular 'drinking' where fluids and dissolved substances are engulfed by the cell.
Selective uptake of molecules bound to receptors on the cell surface.
The electrical voltage difference across a cell's plasma membrane.
The fluid and organelles inside the cell, excluding the nucleus.
The intracellular fluid portion of the cytoplasm where organelles are suspended.
Organelles that produce ATP through cellular respiration, known as the cell's powerhouse.
Cell structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.