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Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 4 Tissues

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is a tissue in anatomy?
    Tissue is a group of cells similar in structure that perform a common or related function.
  • What are the four basic tissue types?
    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
  • What are the two main forms of epithelial tissue?
    Covering and lining epithelia (external and internal surfaces) and glandular epithelia (secretory tissue in glands).
  • What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?
    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.
  • How are glands classified by site of product release?
    Endocrine glands secrete internally (hormones), exocrine glands secrete externally (sweat).
  • What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
    Endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones into interstitial fluid; exocrine glands secrete products into ducts onto surfaces or cavities.
  • What are the two types of cells forming glands?
    Unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) and multicellular (e.g., salivary glands).
  • What are the chief modes of secretion in exocrine glands?
    Merocrine: secretion by exocytosis; holocrine: secretion by cell rupture.
  • What are the major functions of connective tissue?
    Binding and support, protection, insulation, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances (e.g., blood).
  • What are the four main classes of connective tissue?
    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
  • What are 'blast' cells in connective tissue?
    Immature cells that actively secrete ground substance and extracellular matrix fibers, e.g., fibroblasts in connective tissue proper.
  • What are 'cyte' cells in connective tissue?
    Mature, less active cells that maintain the health of the matrix.
  • What is the role of muscle tissue?
    Responsible for most types of movement using myofilaments made of actin and myosin proteins.
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?
    Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
  • What are the two main cell types in nervous tissue?
    Neurons (generate and conduct impulses) and supporting cells (support, insulate, protect neurons).
  • What triggers tissue repair?
    When body barriers are compromised, the inflammatory and immune responses activate repair.
  • What are the two major ways tissue repair occurs?
    Regeneration: same tissue replaces destroyed tissue; fibrosis: connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue.
  • What happens during the inflammation stage of tissue repair?
    Release of inflammatory chemicals causes blood vessel dilation, increased permeability, and blood clotting.
  • What occurs during the organization stage of tissue repair?
    Blood clot is replaced by granulation tissue, epithelium regenerates, and fibroblasts produce collagen to bridge the gap.
  • What happens during the regeneration and fibrosis stage of tissue repair?
    The scab detaches, fibrous tissue matures, epithelium thickens, resulting in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue.