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Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 4 Tissues

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Terms in this set (19)

  • What is a tissue in anatomy?
    Tissue is a group of cells similar in structure that perform a common or related function.
  • What are the four basic tissue types?
    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
  • What are the two main forms of epithelial tissue?
    Covering and lining epithelia (external and internal surfaces) and glandular epithelia (secretory tissue in glands).
  • What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?
    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.
  • How are glands classified?
    By site of product release (endocrine or exocrine) and number of cells forming the gland (unicellular or multicellular).
  • What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
    Endocrine glands secrete hormones internally into the blood; exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or cavities via ducts.
  • What are the two modes of secretion in multicellular exocrine glands?
    Merocrine (secretion by exocytosis) and holocrine (secretion by cell rupture).
  • What are the major functions of connective tissue?
    Binding and support, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances.
  • Name the four main classes of connective tissue.
    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
  • What are 'blast' cells in connective tissue?
    Immature cells that actively secrete ground substance and extracellular matrix fibers.
  • What are 'cyte' cells in connective tissue?
    Mature, less active cells that maintain the health of the matrix.
  • What proteins do muscle cells use to contract?
    Myofilaments made of actin and myosin proteins.
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?
    Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
  • What are the two specialized cells in nervous tissue?
    Neurons (generate and conduct impulses) and supporting cells (support, insulate, and protect neurons).
  • What triggers the tissue repair process?
    Compromise of the body's barriers activates inflammatory and immune responses.
  • What are the two major ways tissue repair occurs?
    Regeneration (same tissue replaces destroyed tissue) and fibrosis (connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue).
  • What happens during the inflammation stage of tissue repair?
    Release of inflammatory chemicals causes blood vessel dilation, increased permeability, and blood clotting.
  • What occurs during the organization stage of tissue repair?
    Blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue; epithelium regenerates; fibroblasts produce collagen to bridge the gap.
  • What is the final stage of tissue repair?
    Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair; scab detaches; fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens.